Sal Mineo

Mineo also starred in films such as Crime in the Streets, Giant (both 1956), Exodus (1960), for which he won a Golden Globe and received a second Academy Award nomination; The Longest Day (1962), John Ford's final western Cheyenne Autumn (1964), and Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971).

Sal Mineo studied at Christopher Columbus High School and Adelphi University. The recorded working language is English. Subjects and genres recorded for the work are pop. Works named in the authority record are Rebel Without a Cause, Giant and Exodus.

• Name — Sal Mineo • Birth Name — Salvatore Mineo Jr. • Born — 10 January 1939 • Birthplace — New York City, U.S. • Died — 12 February 1976 • Place of death — West Hollywood, California, U.S. • Death Cause — Murder (stab wound to the heart) • Resting Place — Gate of Heaven Cemetery, Hawthorne, New York, U.S. • Known for — * Rebel Without a Cause • Exodus • Other Names — The Switchblade Kid • Occupation — Actor • Years Active — 1951–1976 • Partner — * Jill Haworth (1960–1964) • Courtney Burr III (1970–1976) • Website — salmineo.com

Mineo was born in The Bronx, New York City, the son of coffin makers Josephine (née Alvisi) (1913 - 1989) and Salvatore Mineo Sr. (1913 - 1972) He was of Sicilian descent. His father was born in Italy and immigrated to the United States. His mother, also ethnic Italian, was born in New York. Mineo's sister Sarina (1941 - 2024) and brothers Michael (1937 - 1984) and Victor (1935 - 2015) also became actors. He attended the Quintano School for Young Professionals, a performing arts school in New York City. Mineo was one of the few Italian-American actors of his era to keep his surname, saying he was proud of his heritage and identity.

Mineo's mother enrolled him in dancing and acting school at an early age. He had his first stage appearance in Tennessee Williams's play The Rose Tattoo (1951). He also played the young prince opposite Yul Brynner in the stage musical The King and I. Brynner took the opportunity to help Mineo better himself as an actor. On May 8, 1954, Mineo portrayed the Page (lip-synching to the voice of mezzo-soprano Carol Jones) in the NBC Opera Theatre's production of Richard Strauss's Salome (in English translation), set to Oscar Wilde's play. Elaine Malbin performed the title role, and Peter Herman Adler conducted Kirk Browning's production. As a teenager, Mineo appeared on ABC's musical quiz program Jukebox Jury. Mineo made several television appearances before making his screen debut in the Joseph Pevney film Six Bridges to Cross (1955). He beat out Clint Eastwood for the role. Mineo successfully auditioned for a part in The Private War of Major Benson (1955), as a cadet colonel opposite Charlton Heston.

• Illustration — Mineo (left) with Sue George and John Saxon in a publicity still photo for Rock, Pretty Baby (1956) Mineo's breakthrough as an actor came in Rebel Without a Cause (1955), in which he played John "Plato" Crawford, a sensitive teenager smitten with main character Jim Stark (played by James Dean). Mineo's performance resulted in an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor and he became the fifth-youngest nominee in the category, at the age of 17. Mineo's biographer Paul Jeffers recounted that Mineo received thousands of letters from young female fans, was mobbed by them at public appearances, and further wrote: "He dated the most beautiful women in Hollywood and New York City." In Giant (1956), Mineo played Angel Obregon II, a Mexican boy killed in World War II. Many of his subsequent roles were variations of his role in Rebel Without a Cause, and he was typecast as a troubled teen. In the Disney adventure Tonka (1958), for instance, Mineo starred as a young Sioux named White Bull who traps and trains a clear-eyed, spirited wild horse named Tonka. Later the horse is bought by the US Army and renamed Comanche. He was injured but survived Custer's Last Stand; afterward he was treated and honored by Army officials. By the late 1950s, Mineo was a major celebrity. He was sometimes referred to as the "Switchblade Kid", a nickname he earned from his role as a criminal in the movie Crime in the Streets (1956). In 1957, Mineo made a brief foray into pop music by recording a handful of songs and an album. Two of his singles reached the Top 40 in the United States' Billboard Hot 100. The more popular of the two, "Start Movin' (In My Direction)", reached No. 9 on Billboards pop chart. It sold over one million copies and was awarded a gold disc. He starred as drummer Gene Krupa in the movie The Gene Krupa Story (1959), directed by Don Weis with Susan Kohner, James Darren, and Susan Oliver. He appeared as the celebrity guest challenger on the June 30, 1957, episode of What's My Line? Mineo made an effort to break out of the typecasting. In addition to his roles as an Indian brave in Tonka (1958), and a Mexican youth in Giant (1956), he played a Jewish Holocaust survivor in Exodus (1960) who immigrated to Palestine and joined armed resistance to British authority. For his work in Exodus, he won a Golden Globe Award and received his second Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

By the early 1960s, Mineo was becoming too old to play the type of role that had made him famous. Rumors of his homosexuality resulted in his being considered inappropriate for leading roles. He auditioned for David Lean's film Lawrence of Arabia (1962) but was not hired. Mineo appeared in The Longest Day (1962), in which he played a private killed by a German after the landing in Sainte-Mère-Église. Mineo was baffled by his sudden loss of popularity, later saying: "One minute it seemed I had more movie offers than I could handle; the next, no one wanted me." • Illustration — Mineo in 1973, photographed by Allan Warren Mineo was the model for Harold Stevenson's painting The New Adam (1963). Now in the Guggenheim Museum's permanent collection, the painting is considered "one of the great American nudes". Mineo appeared on the Season 2 episode of The Patty Duke Show: "Patty Meets a Celebrity" (1964). Mineo's role as a stalker in Who Killed Teddy Bear (1965), which co-starred Juliet Prowse, did not seem to help his career. Although his performance was praised by critics, he found himself typecast again—this time as a deranged criminal. The high point of this period was his portrayal of Uriah in The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965). Mineo guest-starred in an episode of the TV series Combat! in 1966, playing the role of a GI wanted for murder. He appeared in two more episodes of this series, including one featuring Fernando Lamas. In 1969, Mineo directed a Los Angeles production of the gay-themed play Fortune and Men's Eyes (1967), featuring then-unknown Don Johnson as Smitty and Mineo as Rocky. The production received positive reviews, although its expanded prison rape scene was criticized as excessive and gratuitous. Mineo's last role in a motion picture was a small part in the film Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971); he played the chimpanzee Dr. Milo. In December 1972, Mineo stage-directed the Gian Carlo Menotti short opera The Medium in Detroit. Muriel Costa-Greenspon portrayed the title character, Madame Flora, and Mineo played the mute, Toby. In 1975, Mineo appeared as Rachman Habib, the assistant to a murderous consular head (portrayed by Hector Elizondo) of a Middle Eastern country, in the Columbo episode "A Case of Immunity," on NBC-TV. One of his last roles was a guest spot on the TV series S.W.A.T. (1975), in which he portrayed a cult leader similar to Charles Manson. By 1976, Mineo's career had begun to turn around. While playing the role of a bisexual burglar in a series of stage performances of the comedy P.S. Your Cat Is Dead in San Francisco, Mineo received substantial publicity from many positive reviews; he moved to Los Angeles along with the play.

In a 1972 interview with Boze Hadleigh, Mineo confirmed his bisexuality. Mineo met English-born actress Jill Haworth on the set of the film Exodus in 1960, in which they portrayed young lovers. She was then 15 years old. Mineo and Haworth were in an on-and-off relationship for many years. They were engaged to be married at one point. According to Mineo biographer Michael Gregg Michaud, Haworth cancelled the engagement after she caught Mineo having sexual relations with a man. The two remained very close friends until Mineo's death. Mineo expressed disapproval of Haworth's brief relationship with television producer Aaron Spelling, because he was 22 years older than she. One night, when Mineo found Haworth and Spelling at a private Beverly Hills nightclub, he punched Spelling in the face, yelling, "Do you know how old she is? What are you doing with her at your age?" At the time of his death, Mineo was in a six-year relationship with actor and retired acting coach Courtney Burr III (1948-). In 2010, Michael Gregg Michaud published a biography of Sal Mineo. He received critical acclaim for his depth of research and the contributions he gained from Sal's friends, family, acquaintances and co-stars. Michaud dedicated the book to Jill Haworth and Courtney Burr III: both were significant partners to Mineo and they remained close friends until Haworth's death.

• Illustration — Footstone for Sal Mineo and his brother Michael in the Gate of Heaven Cemetery, New York State On the night of February 12, 1976, Mineo returned home at 10:00 pm from a rehearsal for the play P.S. Your Cat Is Dead. After parking his car in the carport below the West Hollywood apartment that he shared with Courtney Burr III, he was attacked and fatally stabbed in the heart by a mugger. Mineo was found lying and bleeding profusely in the parking alley by his neighbor Raymond Evans, who had heard his cries and helped him to his feet. Mineo walked only a few steps before he collapsed. He was pronounced dead at the scene at the age of 37, due to massive hemorrhage. A funeral for Mineo was held at Most Holy Trinity Church, Mamaroneck, on February 17, 1976, and was attended by 250 mourners. Mineo was buried at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, New York. In March 1979, Lionel Ray Williams, who had a long criminal record, was convicted and sentenced to 51 years in prison for killing Mineo, and for committing ten robberies. The police investigation concluded that Mineo was killed in a random robbery and that Williams did not know his victim that night. He has long asserted his innocence in Mineo's death, including after being released from prison in 1990. A documentary film titled Unseen Innocence (2024) sought to raise awareness of Williams' case and his unsuccessful efforts to gain exoneration.

• Year — Title — Role — Notes • 1952 — The Vision of Father Flanagan — Les — TV movie • A Woman for the Ages — Charles — TV movie • 1953 — Omnibus — Paco — "The Capitol of the World" • 1954 — Janet Dean, Registered Nurse — Tommy Angelo — "The Magic Horn" • 1955 — Big Town — "Juvenile Gangs" • Omnibus — "The Bad Men" • The Philco Television Playhouse — "The Trees" • Frontiers of Faith — "The Man on the 6:02" • 1956 — Look Up and Live — "Nothing to Do" • The Alcoa Hour — Paco — "The Capitol of the World", "The Magic Horn" • Westinghouse Studio One — "Dino" • Look Up and Live — "Nothing to Do" • Lux Video Theatre — "Tabloid" • Screen Directors Playhouse — "The Dream" • Climax! — Miguel — "Island in the City" • 1957 — The Ed Sullivan Show — Himself — Episodes 10.42, 10.48 • Kraft Suspense Theatre — Tony Russo — "Barefoot Soldier", "Drummer Man" • Kraft Music Hall — Himself — Episode 10.8 • 1958 — The DuPont Show of the Month — Aladdin — "Cole Porter's Aladdin" • Pursuit — Jose Garcia — "The Garcia Story" • 1959 — The Ann Sothern Show — Nicky Silvero — "The Sal Mineo Story" • 1962 — The DuPont Show of the Week — Coke — "A Sound of Hunting" • 1963 — The Greatest Show on Earth — Billy Archer — "The Loser" • 1964 — Kraft Suspense Theatre — Ernie — "The World I Want" • Dr. Kildare — Carlos Mendoza — "Tomorrow is a Fickle Girl" • Combat! — Private Kogan — "The Hard Way Back" • 1965 — The Patty Duke Show — Himself — "Patty Meets a Celebrity" • Burke's Law — Lew Dixon — "Who Killed the Rabbit's Husband?" • 1966 — Combat! — Vinnick — "Nothing to Lose" • Combat! — Marcel Paulon — "The Brothers" • Mona McCluskey — "The General Swings at Dawn" • Run for Your Life — Tonio — "Sequestro!: Parts 1 and 2" • Court Martial — Lt. Tony Bianchi — "The House Where He Lived" • The Dangerous Days of Kiowa Jones — Bobby Jack Wilkes — TV movie • 1967 — Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre — Doctoroff — "A Song Called Revenge" • Stranger on the Run — George Blaylock — TV movie • 1968 — Hawaii Five-O — Bobby George — "Tiger By The Tail" • 1969 — The Name of the Game — Sheldon — "A Hard Case Of The Blues" • 1970 — Mission Impossible — Mel Bracken — Flip Side • The Challengers — Angel de Angelo — TV movie • The Name of the Game — Wade Hillary — "So Long, Baby, and Amen" • 1971 — My Three Sons — Jim Bell — "The Liberty Bell" • The Immortal — Tsinnajinni — "Sanctuary" • Dan August — Mort Downes — "The Worst Crime" • In Search of America — Nick — ABC Movie of the Week • How to Steal an Airplane — Luis Ortega — TV movie • 1972 — The Family Rico — Nick Rico — TV movie • 1973 — Griff — President Gamal Zaki — "Marked for Murder" • Harry O — Walter Scheerer — "Such Dust as Dreams Are Made On" • 1974 — Tenafly — Jerry Farmer — "Man Running" • Police Story — Stippy — "The Hunters" • 1975 — Columbo — Rachman Habib — "A Case of Immunity" • Hawaii Five-O — Eddie — "Hit Gun for Sale" • Harry O — Broker — "Elegy for a Cop" • S.W.A.T. — Roy — "Deadly Tide: Parts 1 and 2" • S.W.A.T. — Joey Hopper — "A Coven of Killers" • Police Story — Fobbes — "Test of Brotherhood" • 1976 — Ellery Queen — James Danello — "The Adventure of the Wary Witness" • Joe Forrester — Parma — "The Answer", (final appearance)