Ronald Coase
Ronald Harry Coase (29 December 1910 – 2 September 2013) was a British economist and author. Coase was educated at the London School of Economics, where he was a member of the faculty until 1951. He was the Clifton R. Musser Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Law School, where he arrived in 1964 and remained for the rest of his life.
Also recorded as Ronald Harry Coase · R. H. Coase · Ronald H. Coase
Ronald Coase

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- Name
- Ronald Coase
- Birth Name
- Ronald Harry Coase
- Born
- 29 December 1910
- Birthplace
- Willesden, London, England
- Died
- 2 September 2013
- Place of death
- Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- Field
- Law and economics
- Awards
- Nobel Prize in Economics (1991)
- Nationality
- United Kingdom and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
- Occupation
- economist, historian, writer and university teacher.
- Fields
- economics, economic theory and law and economics.
- Education
- London School of Economics and Political Science, University of Virginia, Queens Park Community School and University of London.
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Ronald Harry Coase (29 December 1910 – 2 September 2013) was a British economist and author. Coase was educated at the London School of Economics, where he was a member of the faculty until 1951. He was the Clifton R. Musser Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Law School, where he arrived in 1964 and remained for the rest of his life.
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In this article
Biography
Biography
He received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1991. Coase believed economists should study real-world wealth creation, in the manner of Adam Smith, stating, "It is suicidal for the field to slide into a hard science of choice, ignoring the influences of society, history, culture, and politics on the working of the economy." He believed economic study should reduce emphasis on price theory or theoretical markets and instead focus on real markets. He established the case for the corporation as a means to pay the costs of operating a marketplace. Coase is best known for two articles: "The Nature of the Firm" (1937), which introduces the concept of transaction costs to explain the nature and limits of firms; and "The Problem of Social Cost" (1960), which suggests that well-defined property rights could overcome the problems of externalities if it were not for transaction costs (see Coase theorem). Additionally, Coase's transaction costs approach has been influential in modern organizational economics, where it was re-introduced by Oliver E.
Ronald Coase studied at London School of Economics and Political Science, University of Virginia and Queens Park Community School. The recorded working language is English. The field of work recorded is economics, economic theory and law and economics. Employment is recorded with University of Chicago, University at Buffalo and University of Virginia. Distinctions recorded are Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association and honorary doctor of the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne.
Key facts
Key facts
• Name — Ronald Coase • Birth Name — Ronald Harry Coase • Born — 29 December 1910 • Birthplace — Willesden, London, England • Died — 2 September 2013 • Place of death — Chicago, Illinois, U.S. • Resting Place — Graceland Cemetery, Chicago • Field — Law and economics • Awards — Nobel Prize in Economics (1991) • Repec Prefix — e • Repec Id — pco40
Biography
Biography
• Illustration — Ronald Coase Ronald Harry Coase was born in Willesden, a suburb of London, on 29 December 1910. His father, Henry Joseph Coase (1884–1973) was a telegraphist for the post office, as was his mother, Rosalie Elizabeth Coase (née Giles; 1882–1972), before marriage. As a child, Coase had a weakness in his legs, for which he was required to wear leg-irons. Due to this problem, he attended the school for physical defectives. At the age of 12, he was able to enter Kilburn Grammar School on scholarship. At Kilburn, he studied for the intermediate examination of the University of London as an external student in 1927–29. Coase then continued his studies at the University of London, enrolling as an internal student of the London School of Economics, where he took courses with Arnold Plant and received a Bachelor of Commerce degree in 1932. During his undergraduate studies, Coase received the Sir Ernest Cassel Travelling Scholarship which he used to visit the University of Chicago in 1931–1932 studying with Frank Knight and Jacob Viner. Coase's colleagues would later admit that they did not remember this first visit. Between 1932 and 1934, Coase was an assistant lecturer at the Dundee School of Economics and Commerce, which later became part of the University of Dundee. Subsequently, Coase was an assistant lecturer in commerce at the University of Liverpool between 1934 and 1935 before returning to London School of Economics as a member of staff until 1951 in which year he was awarded an earned doctorate in economics from the University of London. He then started to work at the University at Buffalo and retained his British citizenship after moving to the United States in the 1950s. In 1958, he moved to the University of Virginia. Coase settled at the University of Chicago in 1964 and became the co-editor of the Journal of Law and Economics with Aaron Director. He was also for a time a trustee of the Philadelphia Society. He received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1991. • Illustration — Ronald Harry Coase's grave at Graceland Cemetery. The epitaph reads: "Here Sleeps in Peace RONALD H. COASE 1910 - 2013 Devoted husband and single-minded economist, whose ideas have inspired the great transformation of China and will continue to inspire our inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations." Nearing his 100th birthday, Coase was working on a book concerning the rise of the economies of China and Vietnam. In an interview, Coase explained the mission of the Coase China Society and his vision of economics and the part to be played by Chinese economists. This became "How China Became Capitalist" (2012) co-authored with Ning Wang. Coase was honoured and received an honorary doctorate from the university at Buffalo Department of Economics in May 2012. Coase married Marian Ruth Hartung of Chicago, Illinois in Willesden, England, 7 August 1937. Although they were unable to have children, they were married 75 years until her death on 17 October 2012, making him one of the longest-married Nobel Prize laureates. Coase himself died in Chicago on 2 September 2013, at the age of 102. Both are buried at Graceland Cemetery in Chicago. He was praised across the political spectrum, with Slate calling him "one of the most distinguished economists in the world" and Forbes calling him "the greatest of the many great University of Chicago economists". The Washington Post called his work over eight decades "impossible to summarize" while recommending five of his papers to read.
"The Nature of the Firm"
"The Nature of the Firm"
In "The Nature of the Firm" (1937), a brief but highly influential essay, Coase attempts to explain why the economy features a number of business firms instead of consisting exclusively of a multitude of independent, self-employed people who contract with one another. Given that "production could be carried on without any organization [that is, firms] at all", Coase asks, why and under what conditions should we expect firms to emerge? Since modern firms can only emerge when an entrepreneur of some sort begins to hire people, Coase's analysis proceeds by considering the conditions under which it makes sense for an entrepreneur to seek hired help instead of contracting out for some particular task. The traditional economic theory of the time (in the tradition of Adam Smith) suggested that, because the market is "efficient" (that is, those who are best at providing each good or service most cheaply are already doing so), it should always be cheaper to contract out than to hire. Coase noted, however, a number of transaction costs involved in using the market; the cost of obtaining a good or service via the market actually exceeds the price of the good. Other costs, including search and information costs, bargaining costs, keeping trade secrets, and policing and enforcement costs, can all potentially add to the cost of procuring something from another party. This suggests that firms will arise which can internalise the production of goods and services required to deliver a product, thus avoiding these costs. This argument sets the stage for the later contributions by Oliver Williamson: markets and hierarchies are alternative co-ordination mechanisms for economic transactions. There is a natural limit to what a firm can produce internally, however. Coase notices "decreasing returns to the entrepreneur function", including increasing overhead costs and increasing propensity for an overwhelmed manager to make mistakes in resource allocation. These factors become countervailing costs to the use of the firm. Coase argues that the size of a firm (as measured by how many contractual relations are "internal" to the firm and how many "external") is a result of finding an optimal balance between the competing tendencies of the costs outlined above. In general, making the firm larger will initially be advantageous, but the decreasing returns indicated above will eventually kick in, preventing the firm from growing indefinitely. Other things being equal, therefore, a firm will tend to be larger: • the lower the costs of organising and the slower these costs rise with an increase in the number of transactions organised • the less likely the entrepreneur is to make mistakes and the smaller the increase in mistakes with an increase in the transactions organised • the greater the lowering (or the smaller the rise) in the supply price of factors of production to firms of larger size The first two costs will increase with the spatial distribution of the transactions organised and the dissimilarity of the transactions. This explains why firms tend to either be in different geographic locations or to perform different functions. Additionally, technology changes that mitigate the cost of organising transactions across space may allow firms to become larger – the advent of the telephone and of cheap air travel, for example, would be expected to increase the size of firms. A further exploration of the dichotomy between markets and hierarchies as co-ordination mechanisms for economic transactions derived a third alternative way called Commons based peer production, in which individuals successfully collaborate on large-scale projects following a diverse cluster of motivational drives and social signals.
"The Problem of Social Cost"
Law and economics
Law and economics
• Illustration — Coase at the University of Chicago Law School Though trained as an economist, Coase spent much of his career working in a law school. He is a central figure in the development of the subfield of law and economics. He viewed law and economics as having two parts, the first "using the economists' approach and concepts to analyze the working of the legal system, often called the economic analysis of the law"; and the second "a study of the influence of the legal system on the working of the economic system." Coase said that the second part "is the part of law and economics in which I am most interested." In his Simons Lecture celebrating the centennial of the University of Chicago, titled "Law and Economics at Chicago", Coase noted that he only accidentally wandered into the field: Despite wandering accidentally into law and economics, the opportunity to edit the Journal of Law and Economics was instrumental in bringing him to the University of Chicago: Coase believed that the University of Chicago was the intellectual center of law and economics. He concluded his Simons lecture by stating: I am very much aware that, in concentrating in this lecture on law and economics at Chicago, I have neglected other significant contributions to the subject made elsewhere such as those by Guido Calabresi at Yale, by Donald Turner at Harvard, and by others. But it can hardly be denied that in the emergence of the subject of law and economics, Chicago has played a very significant part and one of which the University can be proud.
Coase theorem
Coase theorem
In law and economics, the Coase theorem describes the economic efficiency of an economic allocation or outcome in the presence of externalities. The theorem states that if trade in an externality is possible and there are sufficiently low transaction costs, bargaining will lead to a Pareto efficient outcome regardless of the initial allocation of property. In practice, obstacles to bargaining or poorly defined property rights can prevent Coasean bargaining. This 'theorem' is commonly attributed to Coase.
Coase conjecture
Coase conjecture
Another important contribution of Coase is the Coase conjecture, which is an informal argument that durable goods monopolists do not have market power because they are unable to commit to not lowering their prices in future periods.
Political views
Political views
When asked what he considered his politics to be, Coase stated, I really don't know. I don't reject any policy without considering what its results are. If someone says there's going to be regulation, I don't say that regulation will be bad. Let's see. What we discover is that most regulation does produce, or has produced in recent times, a worse result. But I wouldn't like to say that all regulation would have this effect because one can think of circumstances in which it doesn't. Coase admitted that early in life, he aligned himself with socialism. Guido Calabresi wrote that Coase's focus on transaction costs in The Nature of the Firm was the result of his socialist beliefs. Reflecting on this, Coase wrote: "It is very difficult to know where one's ideas come from but for all I know he may well be right." Coase continued:
Ronald Coase Institute
Ronald Coase Institute
Coase was research advisor to the Ronald Coase Institute, an organisation that promotes research on institutions and organizations – the laws, rules, customs, and norms – that govern real economic systems, with particular support for young scholars from developing and transitional countries.
Coase-Sandor Institute for Law and Economics
Coase-Sandor Institute for Law and Economics
• Illustration — Coase at a conference in 2008 with Richard Sandor The University of Chicago Law School carries on the legacy of Ronald Coase through the mission of the Coase-Sandor Institute for Law and Economics. Each year, the University of Chicago Law School hosts the Coase Lecture, which was delivered in 2003 by Ronald Coase himself.
Life and career
Dated record
Life and career
Explore 1910–2013
The full dated record · 5 entries
1910
Ronald Coase born at Willesden.
1991
Receives Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
1998
Receives honorary doctor of the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne.
2013
Dies at Chicago.
2013
Ronald Coase died at Chicago.
Places
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Willesden.
Birth place
Chicago.
Death place
Publications
* * * * * •, reprinted as * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • (Nobel Prize lecture) * * * * * * •.
Primary material
Documents and archives
scholarly publication
- Ronald H. Coase and the economics of network infrastructures, The Elgar Companion to Ronald H. Coase, 2016
Scholarly · Crossref registry · 2016
authority file
- Gemeinsame Normdatei 102807820X, Conference: Markets, Firms and Property Rights: A Celebration of the Research of Ronald Coase (2009 : Chicago, Ill.).
Unverified · Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
institutional register
- Wikidata, structured authority record Q188113: Ronald Coase
Unverified · Wikimedia Foundation
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.Hahn, Robert. Ronald Harry Coase (1910–2013) Nobel-prize winning economist whose work inspired cap-and-trade. Nature. 502. 7472. 449. 2013. 10.1038/502449a.
- 2.Coase, Ronald. Saving Economics from the Economists. Harvard Business Review. 1 December 2012. 0017-8012.
- 3.Henderson, David R. The Man Who Resisted 'Blackboard Economics'. The Wall Street Journal. 3 September 2013. 0099-9660.
- 4.Marquis Who's Who. Who's Who in America 2000, Millennium Edition. I (A–K). 891. 1999. 0837902002.
- 5.Routledge. The International Who's Who. 406. 2006. 1857433661.
- 6.A & C Black. Who's Who 2007: An Annual Biographical Dictionary. 447. 2007. 978-0713675269.
- 7.Ronald Coase. 'Nobel Prize Autobiography', 1991.
- 8.Breit, William and Barry T. Hirsch. Lives of the Laureates, 4th ed. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2004.
- 9.Kitch, Edmund W. The Fire of Truth: A Remembrance of Law and Economics at Chicago, 1932–1970. Journal of Law and Economics. 26. 1. 163–234. 1983. 10.1086/467030.
- 10.U. of Chicago Professor Wins Nobel Economics Prize.
- 11.Aaron Director, Founder of the field of Law and Economics. www-news.uchicago.edu.
- 12.Phillysoc.org. Trustees.
- 13.99-year-old economist researches the rise of China and Vietnam. VietNamNet Bridge. 24 March 2010.
- 14.Coase China Society Interviews Ronald Coase. Chicago University Law School. 3 January 2011.
- 15.Interview with Professor Ronald Coase. Unirule Institute of Economics. 3 January 2011.
- 16.http://economics.buffalo.edu/ Robert Coase Honorary Doctorate
- 17.Littlewood, Mark. Ronald Coase obituary. The Guardian. 4 September 2013.
- 18.Lyons, Patrick J. Ronald H. Coase, a Law Professor And Leading Economist, Dies at 102. The New York Times. 3 September 2013.
- 19.Galer, Sarah. Ronald H. Coase, Founding Scholar in Law and Economics, 1910–2013. Law.uchicago.edu. University of Chicago Law School.
- 20.Yglesias, Matthew. Ronald Coase, the Economist Who Explained Why We Have Companies. Slate. 3 September 2013.
- 21.Smith, Fred. Ronald Coase Was The Greatest of the Many Great University of Chicago Economists. Forbes. 3 September 2013.
- 22.Matthews, Dylan. Ronald Coase is dead. Here are five of his papers you need to read. The Washington Post. 3 September 2013.
- 23.Hein Schreuder, "Coase, Hayek and Hierarchy", In: S. Lindenberg & Hein Schreuder, editors, Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Organization Studies, Pergamon Press
- 24.Knight, Jack. Institutions and Social Conflict. Cambridge University Press. 12. 1992. 978-0521421898.
- 25.Davies, William. The Limits of Neoliberalism: Authority, Sovereignty and the Logic of Competition. Sage. 87–90. 2014. 978-1473905337.
- 26.The Problem of Social Cost University of Chicago Law School
- 27.Coase, R.H. Law and Economics at Chicago. Journal of Law and Economics. 36. 1. 239–54. 1993. 10.1086/467274.
- 28.Looking for results. Reason magazine. January 1997.
- 29.Coase, R.H. Law and Economics and A.W. Brian Simpson. Journal of Legal Studies. 25. 1. 103–19. 1996. 10.1086/467973.
- 30.Coase, 2003 Coase Lecture: Ronald. 2003 Coase Lecture: Ronald Coase, "The Present and Future of Law and Economics" University of Chicago Law School. www.law.uchicago.edu. 2009-07-06.
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Ronald H. Coase and the economics of network infrastructures, The Elgar Companion to Ronald H. Coase, 2016Crossref registry
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Gemeinsame Normdatei 102807820X, Conference: Markets, Firms and Property Rights: A Celebration of the Research of Ronald Coase (2009 : Chicago, Ill.).Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
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