Renzo De Felice

Historian of Italy Philip Morgan has called De Felice's biography of Mussolini "a very controversial, influential and at the same time problematic re-reading of Mussolini and Fascism" and rejected the contention that his work rose above politics to "scientific objectivity", as claimed by the author and his defenders.

Renzo De Felice studied at Sapienza University of Rome. Giuseppe Parlato is recorded as having studied under Renzo De Felice. The recorded working language is Italian. The field of work recorded is contemporary history, historical revisionism and fascism. Places of work recorded in the authority are Rome. Employment is recorded with Sapienza University of Rome. Distinctions recorded are Gold Medal of the Italian Order of Merit for Culture and Art, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic and honorary doctorate from University of Angers.

• Name — Renzo De Felice • Born — 8 April 1929 • Birthplace — Rieti, Kingdom of Italy • Died — 25 May 1996 • Place of death — Rome, Republic of Italy • Occupation — Historian, writer • Alma Mater — Sapienza University of Rome • Spouse — Livia De Ruggiero • Genre — History • Movement — Historical revisionism • Subject — Benito Mussolini, Italian fascism and Jacobinism • Notable Works — History of the Jews under Fascism (1961) Biography of Mussolini (1965–1996)

De Felice was born in Rieti and studied under Federico Chabod and Delio Cantimori at the Sapienza University of Rome. During his time as student, he was a member of the Italian Communist Party. After the Soviet repression of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, De Felice was among 101 Italian intellectuals who sharply criticized the party for backing of the Soviets. He broke with it and joined the Italian Socialist Party. He taught history at the University of Rome. He was married to Livia De Ruggiero. He died in Rome.

De Felice is best known for a massive four-volume, eight-book biography of Benito Mussolini that was almost finished when he died. De Felice was the founder and editor of the influential journal Storia Contemporanea. De Felice, a liberal Jew, also wrote a well-regarded history of Jewish life under the Fascist government and articles on Italian Jacobinism. De Felice's leading interest was in Fascism. In his view, there were two types of Fascism, "Fascism as a movement" and "Fascism as a regime". De Felice saw Fascism, especially in the "movement" stage, as a revolutionary middle-class ideology that had deep roots in the Age of Enlightenment. Moreover, De Felice insisted that it was not caused by fear of a proletarian revolution on the part of the lower middle classes, as leftist historiography maintained; but it was an assertive movement, originated by an emerging middle class in search for its proper role. Fascism, as a regime, was seen by De Felice as nothing more than Mussolini's policy, which tended to make of fascist ideology just the superstructure of Mussolini's dictatorship and personal power. De Felice felt that fascism should be seen as valid political ideology, not just something to be demonized and dismissed in simplistic terms. He argued that studies on Fascism should get out from the political debate and become a historiographical issue based on scientific assertions. Furthermore, De Felice insisted that there was no connection or valid comparisons to be drawn between Italian Fascism and German National Socialism, which De Felice saw as being a completely different political ideology. Critics on the Left attacked De Felice for being too sympathetic to Italian Fascism. Giuliano Procacci, Paolo Alatri, Nicola Tranfaglia and others even accused De Felice of supporting Fascism. However, Italian communist leader and intellectual activist Giorgio Amendola came to De Felice's defence and rejected many of the criticisms of Giovanni Ferrara in 1975, calling for more civil dialogue on Fascism and Antifascism. Although he acknowledged many of De Felice's discrepancies, Amendola endorsed some of De Felice's ideas, including the "revolutionary aspect in Fascism" and the theory that Mussolini's Fascist movement attracted many adherents among the populace.

Renzo De Felice worked in contemporary history, historical revisionism and fascism. He was employed by Sapienza University of Rome. He worked at Rome.

Renzo De Felice is recorded as having received Gold Medal of the Italian Order of Merit for Culture and Art, Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic and honorary doctorate from University of Angers.