Pezinok

• Name — Pezinok • Other Name — Bazin • Settlement Type — Municipality • Nicknames — Pezinek, Pavúci • Subdivision Type1 — Region • Subdivision Name1 — Bratislava Region • Subdivision Type2 — District • Subdivision Name2 — Pezinok District • Leader Title — Mayor • Leader Name — Roman Mács • Established Title — First mentioned • Established Date — 1208 • Elevation M — 151 • Postal Code Type — Postal code • Postal Code — 902 01 • Area Code — +421 33 • Registration Plate — PK • Website — https: www.pezinok.sk/ • Illustration — Classic wine-red kermesite crystals, up to 2.3 cm. long, on calcite-covered massive sulfide matrix. The Pezinok antimony deposits are known for world-class kermesite specimens.

From the second half of the 10th century until 1918, it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. Pezinok, or at least its surroundings, was mentioned in writing for the first time in 1208 under the name "terra Bozin". During the next few centuries, the town changed from a mining settlement to a vineyard town. It gained the status of a free royal town on 14 June 1647. Pezinok had its most glorious era of wealth and prosperity in the 17th and 18th centuries when it was also one of the richest towns in the Kingdom of Hungary. Its wealth was based on the production of quality wines. In the 19th century, the town slowly began to industrialize: the first sulphuric acid factory in Hungary or the known brickworks were established here. It boomed further after it was connected to the railway. After the breakup of Austria-Hungary in 1918/1920, the town became part of the newly created Czechoslovakia. In the first half of the 20th century, it was declining, vineyard production was declining, forcing many inhabitants to emigrate. It has been growing again since the end of World War II.

Jews were granted permission to live in Pezinok in 1450. In 1529 The local counts, Counts Wolfang and George von Pezinok and St. George, began to imprison local Jews, due to the fact that they owed money to the Jewish community. Matters deteriorated further when the mutilated body of a local 9-year-old boy was found in the area, leading to a blood libel, an accusation that Jews had murdered Christians for religious rituals. The already imprisoned Jews were brought to the town square and tortured until they confessed to the murder and to additional crimes. On May 21, 1529, 30 Jewish men, women and children were burned at the stake. Children under the age of 10 were the only ones to receive a pardon, and they were forcibly converted to Christianity. After that point Jews were forbidden to reside in Pezinok, and even to spend a night there. In 1540 the Protestant reformer Andreas Osiander published a booklet condemning the 1529 blood libel. The booklet incriminated the Counts who started the whole thing. Jews were allowed to return in 1609, but only to the lands of the Palffy family and in Cajla (Zeile). The rest of Pezinok remained forbidden until 1840. During that time period the Jewish community flourished in their allowed areas, building a synagogue and living in their communal lifestyle. Even with that, they were subject to an additional tax that other residents were not required to pay - a "toleration tax." In 1781 the census of the Palffy lands lists 88 Jews, while in 1840 there were 271. By 1930 there were 425 Jews living in Pezinok. On March 14, 1939 Slovakia declared independence from Czechoslovakia. German SS troops entered the city soon after, and on May 18, 1939, the Hlinka Guard (the Slovak Storm Troopers) assembled the Jewish men of the city at the synagogue and forced them to destroy it and the holy books kept there. Jews were attacked in the streets and taken from their homes. At this point many of the Jews in the town fled, never to return. By 1940, there were 235 Jews left in Pezinok. The property of the Jews was legally taken by the non Jewish residents of the town and their homes were seized. In the Summer of 1942 the remaining Jews were deported to Auschwitz. The Jewish cemetery was blown up by the Germans, and the tombstones were used to pave roads. Few Jews returned after the Holocaust. There were 45 Jews listed in 1947, and after 1948–49, almost no Jews were left. There are currently no Jews listed as living in Pezinok.

It is located in the Danubian Lowland at the foothills of the Little Carpathians, around 20 km north-east of Bratislava. Another major city, Trnava, is located around 25 km to the east. A ski resort is situated on the Baba mountain. The neighbouring Little Carpathians offer numerous hiking paths. All of the city forests are part of the Little Carpathians Protected Landscape Area. The Little Carpathians Museum (Malokarpatské múzeum), which is in a typical wine merchant's house in the centre of the town, was undergoing a major renovation in 2008 and promises to be one of the best small museums in Slovakia. It has the biggest collection of wine presses in central Europe, some of them gigantic wooden affairs dating from the early seventeenth century; the atmospheric old cellars of the building are partly given over to an exhibition of them. But Martin Hrubala, the deputy director of the museum, is keen to make the museum not just about the old but also the new: the entrance fee includes a wine tasting, accompanied by a sommelier. And the museum promises interactivity at a level unusual for Slovak museums. Visitors, for instance, as well as tasting wine will also get the opportunity to make their own. Pezinok seems to have been investing heavily in public facilities lately: the city museum, in a building opposite the Little Carpathians Museum, opened in 2003. It features a range of attractively presented local archaeological finds and a selection of stonework salvaged from nearby churches; labelling, however, is in Slovak only. And at the northern end of the city centre, next to a park which once formed its landscaped grounds, is Pezinok Castle. Originally a moated fortress which was later turned into a chateau for the aristocratic Pálffy family, the cellars of the castle are now home to the National Wine Salon. Little Carpathians Museum (Malokarpatské múzeum) is situated in Pezinok.

• Grinava historical suburb • Town center • Cajla historical suburb • Sídliská: • Sever (North) • Juh (South) • Muškát • Záhradná (originally Stred) • Za hradbami and 1. mája (originally Stred II.) • Moyzesova (originally Prednádražie) • Starý dvor (Old yard) • Sahara • Unigal • Panholec • Glejovka • Čikošňa • Turie brehy (Shores of cattles) • Talihov dvor (Talih's yard; originally Natáliin majer) • Recreation areas • Kučišdorfská dolina (Kučišdorf Valley) • Leitne • Reisinger • Slnečné údolie (Sun Valley) • Stupy

February Ethnofestival March Selection of the Queen of wine PAFF – alternative (amateur) film festival in House of Culture April Wine markets - international competition, exhibition and wine tasting May Ad Una Corda - International church choir festival {every even year} Sponsorship march in support if UNICEF June Cibulák - theater festival Competition of ancient cars July Slovakia Matador - competition of cars driving in The mountain {to the hill of Baba} July - August Promenade concerts take place as a part of Cultural sumer {every Sunday late afternoon} Flamenco Verano summer flamenco school in Pezinok August Pezinský Permoník - Small Carpathian exhibition and bourse of minerals, fossils and precious stones connected with gold washing on the streets Dychovky v preši - International festival of brass music September Vinobranie - celebrations of wine including rich cultural program and tasting of regional specialties{food and wine} in the streets of the city center October Pezinský strapec - International competition in ballroom dancing November St. Martin's blessings of wine includes tasting of young wine Day of Open Cellars regional promotional wine tasting in private cellars December Christmas Inspirations - sell of Christmas goods Including cultural program on Radničné square and at Old Town hall

Source: In the past, the daily diet of local peasant families mainly included dishes based on flour such as knofle, osúchy, dolky, podlisníky, šiflíky, and potato mixture such as lokše, šuferle, gerheň, and scískance. The classic thick soups prepared mainly with beans or bean pods, lentils, peas, chickpeas or the integral horseradish soup were known and dill, pumpkin, potato, tomato or mushroom sauces or prívarky. At the time of pig slaughter, the so-called obarová polievka in which bread pieces were placed. At Easter, sourdough záviny filled with tvaroh, walnuts and poppy seeds, and veľkonočný baranček ("Easter lamb") were served. At Christmas, a vianočka and pupáky were served. The traditional dish, lokše with goose or duck lard is shared with the nearby Slovenský Grob, and also part of the husacie or kačacie hody ("goose" or "duck festivals" – lokše with lard, roasted goose or duck and steamed red cabbage with strudel). In the past, all hostince in the town offered mascený chleba s cibulou (in the Slovak literary language mastný chlieb s cibuľou, bread with lard and onions). In the second half of August, since 2003, the fyzulnačka (in the Slovak literary language fazuľovica or fazuľová polievka, bean soup) cooking competition has been organized in the Town Hall Square (Radničné námestie).

The typical drink of the town is wine. In September, a burčiak is sold in Grinava and also during the Pezinok Grape Harvest Festival (Pezinské vinobranie).

It has a population of people (31 December).

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As of 31 December 2000, the town had 21,865 inhabitants, of which the most numerous surnames in Pezinok were: • Krasňanský or Krasňanská (137 inhabitants) • Guštafík(ová) (134 inhabitants) • Horváth(ová) (118 inhabitants) • Demovič(ová) (116 obyvateľov) • Klamo(vá) (103 inhabitants) • Hanúsek or Hanúsková (102 inhabitants) • Slimák(ová) (101 inhabitants) • Slezák(ová) (96 inhabitants) • Čech(ová) (94 inhabitants)

• Ján Bahýľ • Zuzana Čaputová • Moritz Fuerst • Eduard Chmelár • Ján Kupecký • Filip Polc • Ľudovít Rajter • Richard Réti • Dušan Slobodník • Eugen Suchoň • Oliver Solga • Pavol Boriš • Ján Štrba

Pezinok has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb).

Pezinok is twinned with: • Neusiedl am See, Austria • Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary • Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic • Kyjov, Czech Republic • Izola, Slovenia