Nikolay Karamzin

Nikolay Karamzin studied at Imperial Moscow University. The recorded working language is Russian. Subjects and genres recorded for the work are poetry. Works named in the authority record are Poor Liza. Distinctions recorded are Order of Saint Anna, 1st class and Order of St.

• Name — Nikolay Karamzin • Birthplace — Znamenskoye, Simbirsk Uyezd, Kazan Governorate, Russian Empire • Died — 3 June (aged 59) • Place of death — Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire • Occupation — Writer, historian, poet • Period — 1781–1826 • Movement — Sentimentalism • Notable Works — Poor Liza History of the Russian State Intellectuals

Karamzin was born in the small village of Mikhailovka (modern-day Karamzinka village of Maynsky District, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia) near Simbirsk in the Znamenskoye family estate. Another version exists that he was born in 1765 in the Mikhailovka village of the Orenburg Governorate (modern-day Preobrazhenka village of the Orenburg Oblast, Russia) where his father served, and in recent years Orenburg historians have been actively disputing the official version. His father Mikhail Yegorovich Karamzin (1724—1783) was a retired captain of the Imperial Russian Army who belonged to the Russian noble family of modest means founded by Semyon Karamzin in 1606. For many years its members had served in Nizhny Novgorod as high-ranking officers and officials before Nikolay's grandfather Yegor Karamzin moved to Simbirsk with his wife Ekaterina Aksakova of the ancient Aksakov dynasty related to Sergey Aksakov. According to Nikolay Karamzin, his surname derived from Kara-mirza, a baptized Tatar and his earliest-known ancestor who arrived to Moscow to serve under Russian rule. No records of him were left. The first documented Karamzin lived as early as 1534. His mother Ekaterina Petrovna Karamzina (née Pazukhina) also came from a Russian noble family of moderate income founded in 1620 when Ivan Demidovich Pazukhin, a long-time officer, was granted lands and a title for his service during the Polish–Russian War. His two sons founded two family branches: one in Kostroma and one in Simbirsk which Ekaterina Karamzina belonged to. Her father Peter Pazukhin also made a brilliant military career and went from Praporshchik to Colonel; he had been serving in the Simbirsk infantry regiment since 1733. As far as the family legend goes, the dynasty was founded by Fyodor Pazukh from Lithuanian szlachta who left Mstislavl in 1496 to serve under Ivan III of Russia. Ekaterina Petrovna was born between 1730 and 1735 and died in 1769 when Nikolay was only over 2 years old. In 1770 Mikhail Karamzin married for the second time to Evdokia Gavrilovna Dmitrieva (1724—1783) who became Nikolay's stepmother. He had three siblings — Vasily, Fyodor and Ekaterina — and two agnate siblings. Nikolay Karamzin was sent to Moscow to study under Swiss-German teacher Johann Matthias Schaden; he later moved to St Petersburg, where he made the acquaintance of Ivan Dmitriev, a Russian poet of some merit, and occupied himself with translating essays by foreign writers into his native language. After residing for some time in Saint Petersburg he went to Simbirsk, where he lived in retirement until induced to revisit Moscow. There, finding himself in the midst of the society of learned men, he again took to literary work. In 1789, he resolved to travel, visiting Germany, France, Switzerland (a plaque in Geneva bears witness to this) and England. On his return he published his Letters of a Russian Traveller, which met with great success. These letters, modelled after Irish-born novelist Laurence Sterne's A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy, were first printed in the Moscow Journal, which he edited, but were later collected and issued in six volumes (1797–1801). In the same periodical, Karamzin also published translations from French and some original stories, including Poor Liza and Natalia the Boyar's Daughter (both 1792). These stories introduced Russian readers to sentimentalism, and Karamzin was hailed as "a Russian Sterne".

Karamzin is credited for having introduced the letter Ë/ë into the Russian alphabet some time after 1795. Prior to that simple E/e had been used, though there was also a rare form patterned after the extant letter Ю/ю. Note that Ë/ë is not an obligatory letter, and simple E/e is still often used in books other than dictionaries and schoolchildren's primers.

Until the appearance of his work, little had been done in this direction in Russia. The preceding attempt of Vasily Tatishchev was merely a rough sketch, inelegant in style, and without the true spirit of criticism. Karamzin was most industrious in accumulating materials, and the notes to his volumes are mines of interesting information. Perhaps Karamzin may justly be criticized for the false gloss and romantic air thrown over the early Russian annals; in this respect his work is reminiscent of that of Sir Walter Scott, whose writings were at that time creating a great sensation throughout Europe and probably influenced Karamzin. Karamzin wrote openly as the panegyrist of the autocracy; indeed, his work has been styled the Epic of Despotism and considered Ivan III as the architect of Russian greatness, a glory that he had earlier (perhaps while more under the influence of Western ideas) assigned to Peter the Great. (The deeds of Ivan the Terrible are described with disgust, though.) In the battle pieces, he demonstrates considerable powers of description, and the characters of many of the chief personages in the Russian annals are drawn in firm and bold lines. As a critic Karamzin was of great service to his country; in fact he may be regarded as the founder of the review and essay (in the Western style) among the Russians. Also, Karamzin is sometimes considered a founding father of Russian conservatism. Upon appointing him a state historian, Alexander I greatly valued Karamzin's advice on political matters. His conservative views were clearly expounded in The Memoir on Old and New Russia, written for Alexander I in 1812. This scathing attack on reforms proposed by Mikhail Speransky was to become a cornerstone of official ideology of imperial Russia for years to come.

Several places in Russia were named after Karamzin: • Karamzina village (now part of Ulyanovsk); • Proyezd Karamzina (a road in Moscow); • Nikolay Karamzin street (streets in Kaliningrad, Krasnoyarsk, Mayna, Ulyanovsk Oblast); • A monument was built in honor of Karamzin in Ulyanovsk; • Another monument was built in honor of Nikolay Karamzin at Ostafyevo Museum-Estate near Moscow Ring Road. • The Millennium of Russia monument in Veliky Novgorod includes a statue of Karamzin; • The Karamzin Public Library in Simbirsk, created in honor of the famous countryman, was opened to readers on April 18, 1848; • In 2016 the Ulyanovsk State Regional Scientific Library organized an open literary competition dedicated to the 250 years anniversary of the birth of Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin. For this competition only poems about Karamzin and poems based on his works were accepted. In 2016 on the occasion of the 250th birthday of the writer, the Central Bank of Russia issued a silver two-ruble coin dedicated to Karamzin in the series Outstanding People of Russia. Two commemorative stamps have been issued depicting N.M. Karamzin: in 1991 in the USSR as part of the Russian Historians stamp series, face value of 10 Russian kopeks, and in 2016 as part of the Outstanding Russian historians stamp series, face value of 25 Russian rubles.

• Evgenyi i Yuliya ('), English translation: Evgeniy and Julia (1789) • Bednaya Liza ('), English translation: Poor Liza (1792) • Natalya, boyarskaya doch ('), English translation: Natalya the Boyar's Daughter (1792) • Prekrasnaia tsarevna i schastlivyi karla ('), English translation: The Beautiful Princess and the Happy Dwarf (1792) • Ostrov Borngolm ('), English translation: Island of Bornholm (1793) • Afinskaya zhizn ('), English translation: Athenian Life (1794) • Melodor k Filaletu ('), English translation: Melodor to Filalet (1794; paired with a sequel, Filalet to Melodor) • Yuliya ('), English translation: Julia (1796) • Marfa-posadnitsa ('), English translation: Martha the Mayoress (1802) • Moya ispoved ('), English translation: My Confession (1802) • Chuvstvitelnyi i kholodnyi ('), English translation: The Sensitive and the Cold (1803) • Rytsar nashego vremeni ('), English translation: A Knight of Our Times (1803)

• Pisma russkogo puteshestvennika ('), English translation: Letters of a Russian Traveler (1791–92) • Zapiska o drevney i novoy Rossii ('), English translation: Memoir on Ancient and Modern Russia (1811) • Istoriya gosudarstva Rossiyskogo ('), English translation: History of the Russian State (1816–26)

• Poetry ('), 1787 • Darovaniya ('), English translation: Gifts (1796) • Solovey ('), English translation: Nightingale (1796) • Protey, ili Nesoglasiya stikhotvortsa ('), English translation: Proteus, or Inconsistencies of a Poet (1798) • Ego imperatorskomu velichestvu Alexandru I, samoderzhtsu vserossiyskomu, na vosshestvie ego na prestol ('), English translation: To His Imperial Highness Alexander I, All-Russian Autocrat, on the Occasion of His Rise to the Throne (1801) • Gimn gluptsam ('), English translation: Hymn to the Fools (1802) • K Emilii ('), English translation: To Emilie (1802) • K dobrodeteli ('), English translation: To Virtue (1802) • Osvobozhdenie Evropy i slava Alexandra I ('), English translation: The Freeing of Europe and the Glory of Alexander I (1814)

He also worked under the name А. Б. В. The authorities additionally record the headings Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin and Karamsin. His recorded language was Russian. He was the child of Mikhail Karamzin and Ekaterina Pazukhina. He married Yekaterina Kolyvanova. 4 children are recorded: Yekaterina Meshcherskaya, Aleksandr Karamzin, Andrey Karamzin and Sofya Karamzina.

Nikolay Karamzin is recorded as having received Order of Saint Anna, 1st class and Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class. Career and activity. His work is associated with Sentimentalism. He belonged to Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Imperial Society of Russian History and Antiquities and freemasonry.