Miguel Piñero

• Name — Miguel Piñero • Birth Name — Miguel Antonio Gómez Piñero • Born — 19 December 1946 • Birthplace — Gurabo, Puerto Rico • Died — 16 June 1988 • Place of death — New York City, New York, United States • Occupation — Playwright, actor • Spouse — Juanita Lovette Ramirez (1977–1979) • Children — 1 • Movement — Nuyorican Poets Café • Notable Works — Short Eyes • Partner — Martin Wong • Awards — New York Critics Circle Award, Obie Award, Drama Desk Award

Piñero was born on December 19, 1946, in Gurabo, Puerto Rico, to Miguel Angel Gómez Ramos and Adelina Piñero. In 1950, when Miguel was four, he moved with his parents and sister Elizabeth to Loisaida (or Lower East Side) in New York City. His father abandoned the family in 1954 when his mother was pregnant with their fifth child. His mother then moved into a basement and began receiving welfare. He attended four different schools, three public and one parochial. He would steal food for his family to eat. His first of many criminal convictions came at the age of eleven, for theft. He was sent to the Juvenile Detention Center in the Bronx, and to Otisville State Training School for Boys. He joined a street gang called "The Dragons" when he was 13; when he was 14, he was hustling in the streets. He moved to Brooklyn, where he and three other friends committed robberies (according to Piñero, more than 100), until they were caught at a jewelry store. He was sent to Rikers Island in 1964. After this, he joined the Job Corps, and was sent to Camp Kilmer for training. It turned out the opportunity was, as Piñero put it, "Dope City, Skag Town." He returned to New York City and became affiliated with the Young Lords, a group similar to the Black Panthers. He was back in Rikers for drug possession not long after, and spent time at Phoenix House. After his second stint at Rikers, his mother sent him to Manhattan State Hospital, where he would receive his high-school equivalency diploma.

• Illustration — Nuyorican Poets Cafe In 1972, when Piñero was 25 years old, he was incarcerated in Sing Sing prison for second-degree armed robbery. His first literary work was Black Woman with a Blonde Wig On. Marvin Felix Camillo, the director of The Family, an acting troupe made up of ex-cons, submitted the poem to a contest, which it won. The warden of Sing Sing then became concerned that "contraband" was being taken from the prison and nearly put Camillo in jail after seeing an article in the newspaper. While serving time in prison, Piñero wrote the play Short Eyes as part of the inmates' playwriting workshop. Mel Gussow came to see it, and due to his review in The New York Times, the director of the Theater at Riverside Church wanted Piñero to present it there. When Piñero was released from Sing Sing on parole in 1973, he was able to present Short Eyes with The Family. The title comes from the prison slang term for child molestation. The play is a drama based on his experiences in prison and portrays how a house of detention populated primarily by Black and Latino inmates is affected by the incarceration there of a white pedophile, considered the lowest form of prison life. In 1974, the play was presented at Riverside Church in Manhattan. Theater impresario Joseph Papp saw the play and was so impressed that he moved the production to Broadway. It went from Riverside Church, then to The Public Theater, eventually to Vivian Beaumont Theater. The play was nominated for six Tony Awards. It won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award and an Obie Award for the "best play of the year". The play was also a success in Europe. The play catapulted Piñero to literary fame. Short Eyes was published in book form by the editorial house Hill & Wang. It became the first play written by a Puerto Rican playwright to be put on Broadway.

In the 1970s, Piñero co-founded the Nuyorican Poets Café with a group of artists including Pedro Pietri and Miguel Algarín, who would become his closest friends. The Café is a place for performance of poetry about the experience of being a Nuyorican or Puerto Rican in New York.

His next play, Sideshow (1974), which would be a shorter version of Playland Blues (1980), and follows street kids as they decide to put on their own play about a social worker placing difficult teenagers in various living situations and their attempts to adapt. He followed that with a one-act play titled The Guntower, premiered at the 1976 New York Shakespeare Festival. Instead of following prisoners, like in Short Eyes, this one is about two guards in the watchtower. In that same year was The Sun Always Shines for the Cool (1976) which follows the lives of players, operators, drug dealers, and thieves as they come together in a bar owned by a man named Justice. In 1975, he moved to Philadelphia to star in Bruce Jay Friedman's Steambath as God. Eulogy for a Small-Time Thief (1977) was set in his new hometown. It regards a small-time thief who does not really know his place in the world and thinks he can manipulate it to his liking. He wrote two one-act plays, Paper Toilet and Cold Beer, around 1979. The former is set in a subway men's room and involves a series of events framed by the voice of a man asking for toilet paper from inside a stall. The latter examines the role of the dramatist and writer through an alter-ego protagonist.

Piñero played an important role in acquainting his writing partner and erstwhile lover, the Chinese-American gay artist Martin Wong, with the Lower East Side, becoming a benefactor at a time when Wong found it difficult to meet his rent. Several of Wong's paintings are illustrations of poems given to him by Piñero. "The Annunciation According to Mikey Piñero (Cupcake and Paco)" (1984) pictures a scene from Short Eyes. Miguel Piñero died on June 16, 1988, in New York City from cirrhosis. Piñero's ashes were scattered across the Lower East Side of Manhattan, as he asked in his 1985 "Lower East Side Poem". The homage to his beloved neighborhood concluded: • Just once before I die I want to climb up on a tenement sky to dream my lungs out till I cry then scatter my ashes thru the Lower East Side.... Leading up to his death, he was working with Papp on a new play to premiere at the New York Shakespeare Festival. Every Form of Refuge Has Its Price, his unfinished piece, is set in an intensive care unit. He also had another unfinished play, The Cinderella Ballroom. Typescripts for Piñero's The Guntower and All Junkies are in the Billy Rose Theatre Collection at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.

• Kojak (1977, TV Series) – Rudy • Looking Up (1977) – Mugger • Short Eyes (1977) – Go-Go • The Jericho Mile (1979, TV Movie) – Rubio • The Streets of L.A. (1979, TV Movie) – 2nd Duster • Times Square (1980) – Roberto • See China and Die (1981, TV Movie) – Gonzalez • Fort Apache, The Bronx (1981) – Hernando • Exposed (1983) – Man in the Street (New York) • Breathless (1983) – Carlito • Deal of the Century (1983) – Molino • Miami Vice (1984–1985, TV Series) – Esteban Calderone / Esteban Revilla • Alphabet City (1984) – Dealer • Almost You (1985) – Ralph • The Equalizer (1985, TV series) - Super - "Lady Cop" • D.C. Cops (1986, TV Movie) – Pablo • The Equalizer (1986) - Drunk - "Counterfire"

• All Junkies (1973) • Straight from the Ghetto (1973) • Short Eyes (1974) • Sideshow (1974) • The Guntower (1976) • The Sun Always Shines for the Cool (1976) • Eulogy for a Small Time Thief (1977) • Paper Toilet (1979) • Cold Beer (1979) • NuYorican Nights at the Stanton Street Social Club (1980) • Playland Blues (1980) • Midnight Moon at the Greasy Spoon (1981)