Margot Dias

• Name — Margot Dias • Honorific Suffix — GCIH • Birth Name — Margot Schmidt • Born — 4 June 1908 • Birthplace — Nuremberg, German Empire • Died — 26 November 2001 • Place of death — Óbidos, Portugal • Citizenship — German and Portuguese • Occupation — Ethnologist, documentary filmmaker • Years Active — 1940s–1980s • Notable Works — Os Macondes de Moçambique (The Makonde people of Mozambique) • Spouse — Jorge Dias

Margot Schmidt was born in Nuremberg in 1908. Her father was a brewer and her mother, who came from a family of craftsmen, worked in a jewelry shop before they married. Schmidt took piano lessons at a young age, initially with her older sister. At the age of 18, she moved to Munich to continue her music studies and earned her living by giving private piano lessons. She completed her piano studies at the Munich Academy of Music in 1940 and met her future husband Jorge Dias at a concert in Rostock. Jorge Dias taught Portuguese at the University of Rostock from 1938 to 1939, at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München from 1939 to 1942 and at the Friedrich Wilhelm University of Berlin from 1942 to 1944. They married in November of the following year and moved to Portugal with their two children in 1944, before the end of World War II.

In the 1940s, Margot Dias studied the folk songs of the Portuguese town Vilarinho das Furnas and assisted her husband with his dissertation in European ethnology, which he defended at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in 1944. He included these songs in chapter XIV, titled Festivals, Dances, Songs of his PhD thesis about this town. In 1947, Jorge Dias was appointed Head of the Ethnographic Department of the Centre for Peninsular Ethnology Studies (CEEP), founded in 1945 at the University of Porto. Margot Dias officially became his collaborator, thanks to her self-taught experience. This team also included Fernando Galhano, Ernesto Veiga de Oliveira and Benjamim Enes Pereira. Margot Dias gave her last piano concert in 1956 and from then on devoted herself entirely to ethnology.

After 1957, she accompanied her husband, who was later described as "the most important Portuguese anthropologist of the 20th century", on missions to Angola, Mozambique and Portuguese Guinea to research ethnic minorities in these then Portuguese colonies. The task of these missions was to investigate the indigenous population in the Portuguese overseas territories and their attitudes towards colonial rule. Between 1957 and 1961, the Dias couple conducted research campaigns on the Makonde people in northern Mozambique, the Chopi in southern Mozambique and the Khoisan in Angola. In 1961, Margot Dias returned to Mozambique on her own and for the last time. Due to the political instability in the region following the Mueda massacre, the mission made no further visits. Ultimately, these campaigns resulted in the publication of four monographic volumes titled Os Macondes de Moçambique. In the two co-authored volumes, Margot Dias focussed on her studies of kinship relations, initiation rites, everyday objects and music as well as on traditional sculptures. She took numerous photographs and films, including of the puberty rites of young women, masked dancers, storytellers, pottery and basket weaving and the practices of traditional African healers. Other documents included her sound recordings and detailed ethnographic field notes. One of her rare comments expressing a critical assessment of Portuguese colonial domination says: "We were aware in 1961 that it was the last time - that everything would change. My notes describe a very great sadness, because there is a mistrust, the blacks hid in the bush, they were afraid of the whites, and the whites of the blacks."

After 1965, Margot Dias collaborated in the foundation of what later became the National Museum of Ethnology in Lisbon and contributed the first object to the ethnographic collection, a container used by Makonde women to fetch water. From 1965 until his death in 1973, Jorge Dias worked as the first director of the ethnographic museum, founded as the Museu de Etnologia do Ultramar (Museum of Ethnology of the Portuguese Overseas Territories). After her husband's death, she continued her ethnological work, publishing studies on the culture of Mozambique. Karin Schmidt Dias, the daughter of Margot and Jorge Dias, was married in a first marriage to the later President of Portugal, Jorge Sampaio. – In 2001, Margot Dias died at the age of 93 in the small Portuguese town of Óbidos.

• Jorge Dias, Margot Dias, Manuel Viegas Guerreiro: Os Macondes de Moçambique, vol. 1 - 4, 1964/1970. Lisbon: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar, Centre for Cultural Anthropology Studies (ed.). 1168 pp. New edition of the first volume 1998 with an introduction by Rui Pereira). Margot Dias also published several ethnological studies about her field research in Mozambique and Angola in Portuguese and German: • Instrumentos musicais de Moçambique. Lisbon: Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, 1986. • O Fenomeno Da Escultura Maconde Chamada 'Moderna'. Lisbon: Junta de Investigacoes do Ultramar 1973. *