Louis Le Vau

His most notable works include the Hôtel Lambert, the château Vaux-le-Vicomte, and the Collège des Quatre-Nations (now the Institut de France).

• Name — Louis Le Vau • Significant Buildings — * Hôtel Lambert • Château de Versailles • Château de Vincennes • Vaux-le-Vicomte • Louvre Palace • Collège des Quatre-Nations • Born — c. 1612 • Birth Name — Louis Le Veau • Birthplace — likely Paris, France • Died — 11 October 1670 (aged 57 or 58) • Place of death — Paris, France • Significant Design — Oval salon at Vaux-le-Vicomte

Born Louis Le Veau, he was the son of Louis Le Veau (died February 1661), a stonemason, who was active in Paris. His younger brother François Le Vau (born in 1624) also became an architect. The father and his two sons worked together in the 1630s and 1640s. The two brothers later changed the spelling of their surname from "Le Veau" to "Le Vau" to avoid its association with the French word veau (calf). Le Vau started his career by designing the Hotel de Bautru in 1634. By 1639, he was developing town houses (hôtels particuliers) for rich citizens such as Sainctot, Hesselin, Gillier, Gruyn des Bordes, and Jean Baptiste Lambert in the île Saint-Louis, which was being developed as a residential area. His most notable work during this period is the Hôtel Lambert (c. 1638–1653). • Illustration — Plan of the premier étage with the Seine to the right • Illustration — Garden façades viewed from the riverbank Le Vau also designed country houses, including the Château de Livry (c. 1640–1645), later known as the Château du Raincy.

In 1654, his career was advanced through his appointment as the first architect to the king, succeeding Jacques Lemercier. He was commissioned by Cardinal Mazarin to help rebuild part of the medieval Château de Vincennes. • Illustration — Pavilion of the King (east façade) • Illustration — Pavilion of the Queen (west façade) Shortly after, in 1656 he was given the important commission to build the chateau of Nicolas Fouquet, Vaux-le-Vicomte with the help of André Le Nôtre and Charles Le Brun. Le Vau's most notable work in the Vaux-le-Vicomte is the oval salon facing the garden. This design, an example of a salon à l'italienne (vaulted, two-storied room), develops the idea that a simple form governs the shape of the main section of the building. • Illustration — Rhythmic massing of the entrance front • Illustration — View of the garden front with the oval salon In the 1660s Le Vau helped on royal projects, such as the hospital of La Salpêtrière and the facade of the Tuileries Palace. From 1661 to 1664 Le Vau worked on rebuilding the Galerie d'Apollon in the Louvre after it burned in a fire. Claude Perrault and Charles Le Brun were also involved in creating the famous façade for the east front of the Louvre from 1665 to 1674, which acted as a prelude for Classical Architecture in the 18th century. The most notable work of Le Vau's career was at the Palace of Versailles with which he was involved for the remainder of his life. He added service wings to the forecourts and, after 1668, had rebuilt the garden façade to be totally classical. Le Vau was assisted by François d'Orbay, who completed the work after Le Vau's death. Le Vau and d'Orbay's work at Versailles was later modified and extended by Jules Hardouin-Mansart. Le Vau's designs for the Collège des Quatre-Nations (now housing the Institut de France) were completed after his death by his assistant François d' Orbay and showed unlikely rapport with Italian baroque techniques. • Illustration — Le Vau's garden front at the Château de Versailles, c. 1675 • Illustration — Collège des Quatre-Nations in 2014

Louis Le Vau died on 11 October 1670, aged around 57, at the former Hôtel de Longueville and was buried at the church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois in Paris.

Louis Le Vau is recorded with the occupation architect. Recorded with the occupation artist. Recorded as architect and artist.