Krugerrand
The Krugerrand is a South African coin, first minted on 3 July 1967 to help market South African gold and produced by Rand Refinery and the South African Mint. The name is a compound of Paul Kruger, the former President of the South African Republic (depicted on the obverse), and rand, the South African unit of currency. On the reverse side of the Krugerrand is a pronking springbok, South Africa's national animal.
Krugerrand

Gruener Panda · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Field
- bullion coin.
- Region
- Krugerrand is situated in South Africa.
- Related practice
- gold.
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Documentary evidence
Documentary basis
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wikidata · Q1057164 · wikipedia · Krugerrand
In this article
Overview
Overview
However, during the 1980s and 1990s, Krugerrands fell out of favor as some Western countries forbade import of the Krugerrand because of its association with the apartheid government of South Africa. Unlike virtually all other modern bullion coins, Krugerrands have no nominal face value. Yet they are considered legal tender in South Africa by the South African Reserve Bank Act (SARBA) of 1989 based solely on their gold content. This feature distinguishes them from contemporary sovereign bullion coins like the American Gold Eagle which have face values that are merely symbolic and far below the market value of their metal content. The Krugerrand’s "denomination" is therefore implicitly 'one ounce of fine gold' (or the fractional equivalent). The only significant historical parallel is the British gold sovereign, which likewise bears no face value but is legally recognized as one pound sterling. To celebrate the Krugerrand's 50 year anniversary in 2017, the Rand Refinery began minting silver versions with the same overall design as the gold coin. According to the online collector database Numista, the non-commemorative, 1 oz silver bullion Krugerrands have been minted regularly ever since.

Obverse of the 1 oz Krugerrand 2017 gold coin.
Gruener Panda
Key facts
Key facts
• Country — South Africa • Denomination — Krugerrand • Value — None specified (implied value equal to gold content) • Mass — 33.93 • Mass Troy Oz — 1.09 • Diameter — 32.77 • Diameter Inch — 1.28 • Thickness — 2.84 • Thickness Inch — 0.11 • Composition — Gold (91.67% Au, 8.33% Cu) • Years Of Minting — 1967–present • Obverse Design — 1892 by Otto Schultz – Profile of Paul Kruger with "SUID‑AFRIKA · SOUTH AFRICA" in the legend • Reverse Design — 1947 by Coert Steynberg – A pronking springbok antelope with the mint date in the field. The legend is inscribed with "KRUGERRAND", the year of minting and the gold weight in Afrikaans and English.
History
History
• Illustration — 2022 South Africa 1 oz silver Krugerrand obverse The Krugerrand was introduced in 1967 as a vehicle for private ownership of gold. Like most circulating gold coins from the pre-World War 1 era, the Krugerrand was minted in a 22k copper-gold alloy far more durable than pure gold. By 1980, the Krugerrand accounted for 90% of the global gold coin market. That year, South Africa introduced three smaller coins containing 1/2, of gold. Economic sanctions against South Africa for its policy of apartheid made the Krugerrand an illegal import in many Western countries during the 1970s and 1980s, with the United States, which had historically been the largest market for the coin, banning imports in 1985: the previous year, over US$600 million of Krugerrands had been marketed in the country. Although gold coin imports could be sanctioned, gold imports could not be sanctioned more generally at the time, due to the West's reliance on South African gold production, so this did not have a great effect on the South African economy. Most of these sanctions were removed in 1991 after the South African government took steps to end its apartheid policies. By 2017, over 53 million troy ounces of gold Krugerrands have been sold since their launch in 1967, comprising more than 60 million individual coins (including bullion and fractional sizes).
Variations and imitations
Variations and imitations
During the bull market in gold of the 1970s, the gold Krugerrand quickly became the primary choice for gold investors worldwide. Over 36 million gold bullion Krugerrands were minted from 1970 to 1980. Between 1974 and 1985, it is estimated that 22 million gold Krugerrand coins were imported into the United States alone. This huge success of the Krugerrand encouraged other gold-producing countries to mint and issue gold bullion coins of their own, including the Canadian Gold Maple Leaf in 1979, the Australian Nugget in 1987, the Chinese Gold Panda in 1982, the American Gold Eagle in 1986, and the British Britannia coin in 1987.
Properties
Properties
The coin is so named because the obverse, designed by Otto Schultz, bears the face of Boer statesman Paul Kruger, four-term president of the old South African Republic. The reverse depicts a springbok, the national animal of South Africa. The image was designed by Coert Steynberg and was previously used on the reverse of the earlier South African five shillings (1947–51 and 1953–59) and 50-cent (1961–64) coins. The name "South Africa" and the gold content are inscribed in both Afrikaans and English (as can be seen on the pictures of the coin). Confusingly among modern gold bullion coins, the specified weight (1 troy oz etc.) refers to the precious metals content only. This is why the 1 troy oz. Krugerrand actually weighs 1.09 troy oz. (33.9 g) total. The word "Krugerrand" is a registered trademark owned by Rand Refinery Limited, of Germiston. • Weight — Diameter — Thickness — Gross weight — Fineness — Gold content — Reeds along edge — Grade • 1 troy oz — 32.77mm — 2.84mm — 33.930 g — 22k (91.67% pure) — 31.103 g — 1 troy oz — 180 — Bullion • 1/2 troy oz — 27.07mm — 2.215mm — 16.965 g — 22k (91.67% pure) — 15.552 g — 0.5 troy oz — 150 — Bullion • 1/4 troy oz — 22.06mm — 1.888mm — 8.482 g — 22k (91.67% pure) — 7.776 g — 0.25 troy oz — 140 — Bullion • 1/10 oz — 16.55mm — 1.35mm — 3.393 g — 22k (91.67% pure) — 3.110 g — 0.10 troy oz — 115 — Bullion
Proof Krugerrands
Proof Krugerrands
The South African Mint Company produces limited edition proof Krugerrands intended to be collector's items rather than financial assets. These coins are sold at prices significantly above market bullion value (like all proof coins). They can be distinguished from the bullion Krugerrands both by the crispness of its design and by the number of serrations on the coin's edge. Proof coins have 220 edge serrations, while bullion coins have 160.
50th Anniversary Krugerrands
50th Anniversary Krugerrands
2017 marked the 50th year of issuance (1967–2017), and to commemorate the anniversary, the South African Mint produced "Premium Uncirculated" versions in 0.9167 fine (or 22 k pure) gold. Additionally, the first platinum (0.999 fine) and silver (0.999 fine) Krugerrands were minted. The issue limit for these commemorative platinum, gold, and silver coins was 2,017 for platinum, 5,000 for gold, and 1,000,000 for silver. The commemorative issues are distinguished by a '50' privy seal mark above the springbok design on the reverse for the platinum and silver issues and to the right of the springbok design on the gold issues. In addition to the "Premium Uncirculated" issue, 15,000 silver "Proof" Krugerrands were also issued, as well as "Proof" Krugerrands in gold and platinum.
Export control
Export control
The South African Reserve Bank restricts the exportation of Krugerrands by a South African resident to a non-resident to a maximum of R30,000 (about US$1,800 or €1,540 As of May 2026). Visitors to South Africa can export up to 15 coins by declaring the items to the South African Revenue Service.
Charitable donations
Charitable donations
In the 21st century, Krugerrands have received media attention in the United States after anonymous donors have left the valuable coin in the Salvation Army's annual "Christmas Kettle" donation jars in various cities around the country.
Places
Named by the record
Places
Only places the record itself states, plotted where the house gazetteer settles their coordinates. Nothing is inferred from a name or a nationality.
Krugerrand is situated in South Africa.
Country
Krugerrand is associated with South Africa.
Country
Primary material
Documents and archives
reference work
- “Krugerrand”, English Wikipedia, consulted as further reading
Reputable secondary · Wikipedia
institutional register
- Wikidata, structured authority record Q1057164: Krugerrand
General reference · Wikimedia Foundation
Text attribution
Licensing
Text attribution
Part of the biographical narrative on this page reuses licensed material. Its origin, revision and licence are recorded here.
The biographical narrative on this page is based on the Wikipedia article Krugerrand, revision 1372934220 (EN edition), by its contributors. VALÉORINE has edited that text and built its own documentary record around it. The reused material is available under CC BY-SA 4.0, and this page's reuse of it is offered under the same licence. Everything else on this page — the chronology, the holdings, the evidence, the plates and the connections — is VALÉORINE's own record. Sources and licences.
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.Dictionary.com, LLC. Krugerrand - definition.
- 2.Products. Rand Refinery.
- 3.Bullion. The South African Mint Company.
- 4.Secter, Bob. Reagan Bans Imports of S. Africa Krugerrand. Los Angeles Times. 1985-10-02.
- 5.Staff, Robin Foster of The Sentinel. KRUGERRAND LUSTER DIM FOR LOCAL COLLECTORS. OrlandoSentinel.com. 10 September 1985.
- 6.17 (2) (a) "[...] the value of each gold coin so tendered shall be equal to the net amount at which the bank is prepared to purchase that gold coin on the day of such tender thereof [...]" https://lawlibrary.org.za/akn/za/act/1989/90/eng@1989-06-14#sec_17, South African Reserve Bank Act, 1989
- 7.London Bullion Market Association. The Silver Krugerrand has arrived. Alchemist Issue 90.
- 8.CoinWeek Staff. South Africa 2017 Silver Krugerrand: A Collector’s Guide. CoinWeek. January 27, 2025.
- 9.South Africa 1 Rand 2017 Silver Krugerrand. Numista.
- 10.Tom Bethell. Crazy as a Gold Bug. New York. New York Media. 13. 5. 34. 4 February 1980.
- 11.The South African Mint Company. 2010 Krugerrand Series. www.samint.co.za. 2010.
- 12.Butts, Kent Hughes. The geopolitics of Southern Africa: South Africa as regional superpower. Westview Pr. 141. 1986. 978-0-8133-7261-7.
- 13.United Nations. Yearbook of the United Nations. 45. 114. 1991. 1768016.
- 14.Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP. Most South African Sanctions Lifted: ML&B White Paper - Morgan Lewis. www.morganlewis.com. Page 2. 1991.
- 15.Friedman, Thomas L. Bush Lifts a Ban on Economic Ties to South Africa. The New York Times. 1991-07-11. 0362-4331.
- 16.Krugerrand demand resurgence anticipated to result in record sales. Mining.com.
- 17.BULLION MINTAGE FIGURES. South African Mint.
- 18.Swiss Gold Bug Cleans Out S Africa Krugerrand Coin Maker: COMMODITIES. Evening Standard. 33. 28 August 2008.
- 19.Rochette, Ed. Australian Coins Offer 'nuggets' to Gold Buyers: FIVE STAR SPORTS FINAL Edition]. Chicago Sun-Times. 34. 31 January 1988.
- 20.Leckey, Andrew. U.S. GOING GOLD WITH EAGLE COIN: [SPORTS FINAL, C EDITION]. Chicago Tribune. 1. 12 September 1986.
- 21.Boye, Roger. Dealer Asks for U.S. Ban on Panda Coins: [FINAL EDITION, C]. Chicago Tribune. 11. 13 August 1989.
- 22.American Numismatic Association. The Numismatist. 110. 765. 1997.
- 23.South African Mint Company. 2008 Krugerrand Series.
- 24.Financial surveillance and exchange controls FAQ
- 25.Salvation Army of Tallahassee receives rare South African Krugerrand coin. WTXL. 2019-12-26.
- 26.Glenn, Stacia. Krugerrand dropped into Salvation Army kettle. The Seattle Times. 22 December 2011.
- 27.AP. For fifth year in a row, mystery person drops a gold coin in Salvation Army kettle. 13 December 2013.
- 28.WDAY. Gold Krugerrand appears in a Salvation Army red kettle. 20 December 2012.
References
Citations
References
Each reference names the institution holding it, so a reader may go to the document itself.
reference work
Secondary witnessinstitutional register
Wikidata, structured authority record Q1057164: KrugerrandWikimedia Foundation
General reference
The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 14 August 2026.
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