Kalashnikov rifle
Illustration — Type 2 AK-47, produced from 1951 to 1955 The Kalashnikov rifle is a family of assault rifles based on Mikhail Kalashnikov's original design. It is officially known in Russian as avtomat Kalashnikova (Kalashnikov's automatic [rifle]), and informally as kalash.
Also recorded as Kalashnikov
Kalashnikov rifle

User:Nemo5576 · File:AK-47_type_II_Part_DM-ST-89-01131.jpg · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Field
- assault rifle
- Period
- 1949
- Region
- Soviet Union
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Illustration — Type 2 AK-47, produced from 1951 to 1955 The Kalashnikov rifle is a family of assault rifles based on Mikhail Kalashnikov's original design. It is officially known in Russian as avtomat Kalashnikova (Kalashnikov's automatic [rifle]), and informally as kalash.
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wikidata · Q6026802 · wikipedia · Kalashnikov rifle
In this article
Background
Background
AK rifles were originally manufactured in the Soviet Union by Kalashnikov Concern (formerly Izhmash). Rifles similar to the Kalashnikov and its Soviet variants were later produced in many countries friendly to the Soviet Bloc, with rifles based on its design such as the Galil ACE and the INSAS also being produced. The Kalashnikov is one of the most widely used firearms in the world, with an estimated 72 million rifles in global circulation.
List of AK rifles
List of AK rifles
The original Kalashnikov rifles and their derivatives, as produced in the Soviet Union and later the Russian Federation.
Rifles derived directly from the original AK
Rifles derived directly from the original AK
The rifle's simple design makes it easy to produce, and the Soviet Union readily leased plans of the firearm to friendly countries, where it could be produced locally at a low cost. As a result, the Kalashnikov rifles and their variants have been manufactured in many countries, with and without licenses. Manufacturing countries in alphabetical order include:
Albania
Albania
Aside from the ASH-78, the ASH-82, the Albanian AKS-47 copy, was in production. Several other versions of the AKMS have been produced mainly with short barrels similar to Soviet AKS-74U for special forces, tank and armored crew and for helicopter pilots and police. There have also been modified ASh-82 (AKMS) with SOPMOD accessories, mainly for Albania's special forces RENEA and exports.
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
The AK-74M is locally produced under license in Azerbaijan as the Khazri.
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
• Model — Description • AKK/AKKS — Type 3 AK-47/w. side-folding buttstock • AKKMS — AKMS • AKKN-47 — Fittings for NPSU night sights • AK-47M1 — Type 3 with black polymer furniture • AK-47MA1/AR-M1 — Same as -M1, but in 5.56×45mm NATO • AKS-74M1 — AKMS in 5.56×45mm NATO • AKS-74S — AK-74M1, short version, with East German folding stock, laser aiming device • AKS-74UF — Short version of -M1, Russian folding stock • AR-SF — Same as −74UF, but in 5.56×45mm NATO • AKS-93SM6 — Similar to −74M1, cannot use grenade launcher • RKKS — RPK • AKT-74 —.22 rimfire training rifle
Cuba
Cuba
The AKM is locally produced under license in Cuba.
East Germany
East Germany
• Model — Description • MPi-K/MPi-KS — AK/AKS • MPi-KM — AKM, wooden and plastic stock • MPi-KMS-72 — AKM, side-folding stock • MPi-KMS-K — Carbine • MPi-AK-74N — AK-74 • MPi-AKS-74N — AK-74, side-folding stock • MPi-AKS-74NK — AK-74, carbine • KK-MPi Mod.69 —.22 LR select-fire trainer
Ethiopia
Ethiopia
The Et-97/1 is a locally manufactured AK-103 variant at the State-run Gafat Armament Engineering Complex.
Hungary
Hungary
• Model — Description • AK-55 — Domestic manufacture of the 2nd Model AK • AKM-63 — Also known as AMD-63 in the US; modernized AK-55 • AMP-69 — Rifle grenade launcher • NGM-81 — 5.56×45mm NATO; fixed and under-folding stock
Iraq
Iraq
• Model — Description • Tabuk Assault Rifle — With fixed or underfolding stock, outright clones of Yugoslavian M70 rifles series • Tabuk Short Assault Rifle — Shortened Tabuk Assault Rifle variant
Nigeria
Nigeria
The Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria has been producing AK rifles as the OBJ-006.
North Korea
North Korea
North Korea has been producing AK rifles as its standard issue weapons.
Pakistan
Pakistan
Aside from Khyber Pass copies (near the border of Afghanistan), Pakistan has been producing AK rifles as the PK-10.
Poland
Poland
• Model — Description • pmK (kbk AK) — The name has changed from pmK to the kbk AK in mid-1960s; copies of the AK/AKS • pmKS (kbk AKS) • kbkg wz. 1960/72 — Modernised variant • kbk AKM / kbk AKMS — AKM/AKMS
Sudan
Sudan
The MAZ is the Sudanese licensed copy of the Chinese Type 56 made by Military Industry Corporation.
Turkey
Turkey
The SAR 15T/308(V2) is a locally produced and modernized version of the AK platform by defense contractor Sarsilmaz (Sarsılmaz Silah Sanayi A.Ş.).
United States
United States
• Model — Manufacturer — Calibre — Reference • PSAK-47 GF3 rifle — Palmetto State Armory — 7.62×39mm • PSAK-47 GF4 rifle • PSAK-47 GF5 rifle • Soviet Arms Krink rifle — 5.56x45mm • PSA AK-556 rifle • PSAK-74 rifle — 5.45x39mm • PSA AK Type 56 rifle — 7.62×39mm • US132 rifle — Kalashnikov USA • US132Z • US109L — 12 gauge • US109T
Vietnam
Vietnam
• AKM-1 • AKM-VN (AKM) assault rifle • TUL-1 (RPK) light machine gun
Venezuela
Venezuela
The AK-103 is locally manufactured in Venezuela.
Similar rifles
Similar rifles
The following rifles were either based on the Kalashnikov design, or have a different design but are superficially similar in appearance:
Sights
Sights
• PSO-1
Bayonets
Bayonets
• 6KH2 bayonet • 6KH3 bayonet • 6KH4 bayonet • 6KH5 bayonet • 6KH9 bayonet
Grenade launcher
Grenade launcher
• GP-25
Comparative characteristics of AK rifles
Comparative characteristics of AK rifles
• Name — Country — Type — Cartridge — Length extended/folded (mm) — Barrel length (mm) — Weight (kg) (empty) — Cyclic rate of fire (rounds per minute) — Maximum sighting range (m) — Muzzle velocity (m/s) • AK-47 — Soviet Union — Assault rifle — 7.62×39mm M43 — 870 — 415 — 3.47 — 600 — 800 — 715 • AKM — Soviet Union — Assault rifle — |7.62×39mm M43 — 880 — 415 — 3.10 — 600 — 1,000 — 715 • RPK(s) — Soviet Union — Light machine gun — 7.62×39mm M43 — 1040/820 — 590 — 4.80/5.60 — 600 — 1,000 — 745 • AK-74 — Soviet Union — Assault rifle — 5.45×39mm M74 — 943 — 415 — 3.07 — 650 — 1,000 — 900 • AKS-74 — Soviet Union — Assault rifle — 5.45×39mm M74 — 933/690 — 415 — 2.97 — 650 — 1,000 — 900 • AK-74M — Soviet Union — Assault rifle — 5.45×39mm M74 — 943/705 — 415 — 3.40 — 650 — 1,000 — 900 • RPK-74 — Soviet Union — Light machine gun — 5.45×39mm M74 — 1060 — 590 — 4.70 — 600 — 1,000 — 960 • AKS-74U — Soviet Union — Carbine assault rifle — 5.45×39mm M74 — 730/490 — 207 — 2.70 — 700 — 500 — 735 • AK-101 — Russia — Assault rifle — 5.56×45mm NATO — 943/700 — 415 — 3.60 — 600 — 1,000 — 910 • AK-102 — Russia — Carbine assault rifle — |5.56×45mm NATO — 824/586 — 314 — 3.00 — 600 — 500 — 850 • AK-103 — Russia — Assault rifle — 7.62×39mm M43 — 943/705 — 415 — 3.40 — 600 — 1,000 — 715 • AK-104 — Russia — Carbine assault rifle — 7.62×39mm M43 — 824/586 — 314 — 3.00 — 600 — 500 — 670 • AK-105 — Russia — Carbine assault rifle — 5.45×39mm M74 — 824/586 — 314 — 3.20 — 600 — 500 — 840 • AK-107 — Russia — Assault rifle — 5.45×39mm M74 — 943/700 — 415 — 3.80 — 850 — 1,000 — 900 • AK-108 — Russia — Assault rifle — 5.56×45mm NATO — 943/700 — 415 — 3.80 — 900 — 1,000 — 910 • AK-109 — Russia — Assault rifle — 7.62×39mm M43 — 943/700 — 415 — 3.80 — 900 — 1,000 — 750 • AK-9 — Russia — Assault rifle — 9×39mm — 705/465 — 200 — 3.10/3.80 (with suppressor) — 600 — 400 — 290 (СП-5) / 305 (СП-6) • AK-12 — Russia — Assault rifle — 5.45×39mm M74 — 940/730 — 415 — 3.30 — 700 — 1,000 — 900 • AK-15 — Russia — Assault rifle — 7.62×39mm M43 — 922/862 — 415 — 3.50 — 700 — 1,000 — 715 • AK-19 — Russia — Assault rifle — 5.56×45mm NATO — 935/725 — 415 — 3.35 — 700 — 1,000 — 910 • AK-308 — Russia — Battle rifle — 7.62×51mm NATO — 885-945/695 — 415 — 4.30 — 700 — 800|760
In the United States
In the United States
The Kalashnikov weapon design has become increasingly more popular in the American firearms industry. There are specific competitive shooting matches that require the use of its weapon variants like the Red Oktober match held just outside of St. George, Utah. It is a match designed for the use of ComBloc style weapons, but the Kalashnikov design is extremely heavy within the participants' arsenals. Due to sanctions to Russia preventing the import of arms, a number of companies started producing clones of the Kalashnikov family of weapons. In particular, the company Kalashnikov USA was created specifically for this purpose. Companies such as Palmetto State Armory and Century Arms also produce Kalashnikov clones.
Chronology
Dated record
Chronology
The full dated record · 2 entries
1949
Kalashnikov rifle first recorded.
1949
Kalashnikov rifle is recorded from 1949.
Silencer
• PBS-1 silencer
General and cited references
General and cited references
* * *
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.Blair, David. AK-47 Kalashnikov: The firearm which has killed more people than any other. Daily Telegraph. 2015-07-02. 0307-1235 cbignore.
- 2.Franko, Blake. The Gun That Is in Almost 100 Countries: Why the AK-47 Dominates. The National Interest. 2017-05-08.
- 3.McCarthy, Niall. The Cost Of An AK-47 On The Black Market Around The World [Infographic]. Forbes.
- 4.Концерн Калашников -- Официальный сайт. kalashnikov.com.
- 5.200 series Kalashnikov assault rifle: AK-200, AK-201, AK-202, AK-203, AK-204, AK-205 (Russia). modernfirearms.net. 7 June 2018.
- 6.Aftermath Gun Club. Albanian Small Arms. 20 April 2015.
- 7.Centre for Analysis of World Arms Trade. ЦАМТО. 8 July 2011.
- 8.Dimov, Roman. Kalashnikov Arms Versions. The AK Site.
- 9.MPi-K / MPi-AK Assault Rifle Series. Энциклопедия оружия и боеприпасов.
- 10.Advertisement flyer for manufacturing capabilities of the GAEC – Gafat Armament Engineering Complex.
- 11.Hungary. Assault Rifles. Энциклопедия оружия и боеприпасов.
- 12.Nigeria to mass-produce Nigerian version of AK-47 rifles.
- 13.DICON – Defence Industry Corp. of Nigeria.
- 14.US Department of Defense, North Korea Country Handbook 1997, Appendix A: Equipment Recognition, PPSH 1943 SUBMACHINEGUN [sic] (TYPE-50 CHINA/MODEL-49 DPRK), p. A-79.
- 15.US Department of Defense, North Korea Country Handbook 1997, Appendix A: Equipment Recognition, TYPE-68 (AKM) ASSAULT RIFLE, p. A-77.
- 16.Russia confronts Pakistan, China over copied weapons. 2009-11-16.
- 17.Poland. Assault Rifles. Энциклопедия оружия и боеприпасов.
- 18.Military Industry Corporation. MAZ.
- 19.SAR 15T. www.sarsilmaz.com.
- 20.Abdul, Kazim. Sudan Army fields Turkish-made SAR 308 assault rifle. Military Africa - Insight. 2024-11-24.
- 21.Palmetto State Armory's Website.
- 22.Kalashnikov USA Website. 27 October 2022.
- 23.Smith, Aaron. The first American-made Kalashnikovs are now for sale. CNN.com. 30 June 2015.
- 24.Slowik, Max. Kalashnikov USA prices out first wave of American AKs. Guns.com. August 10, 2015.
- 25.infodefensa.com. Primeros 3,000: Cavim inicia entrega de fusiles de asalto Kalashnikov AK-103 a la Fuerza Armada de Venezuela. 3 June 2013.
- 26.Sieff, Martin. Defense Focus: Venezuela's Kalashnikovs. UPI.com. 15 August 2007.
- 27.Reeder, David. Breach Bang Clear. 6 October 2018.
- 28.This Florida Warehouse Is Producing 'Made in America' Kalashnikovs. Bloomberg.com.
- 29.Borisenko, Adam. PSA AK-74 Review: American-Made Russian Thunder. Gun Digest. 2023-07-19.
- 30.E, Matt. TFB Review: Century Arms BFT556 Core AK. thefirearmblog.com. 2024-12-19.
Bibliography printed in the source article · 8
- Brayley, Martin J. Kalashnikov AK47 Series: The 7.62×39mm Assault Rifle in Detail. Crowood Press. 2013. 978-1-84797-526-3.
- Chivers, C. J. The Gun. Simon & Schuster. 2010. 9780743270762.
- Ezell, Edward Clinton. The AK-47 Story: Evolution of the Kalashnikov Weapons. Stackpole Books. 1986. 0811709167.
- Hodges, Michael. AK47: The Story of a Gun. MacAdam/Cage Pub. 2007. 978-1-59692-286-0.
- Long, Duncan. AK47: The Complete Kalashnikov Family of Assault Rifles. Paladin Press. 1 September 1988. 978-0-87364-477-8.
- Poyer, Joe. The AK-47 and AK-74 Kalashnikov Rifles and Their Variations: A Shooter's and Collector's Guide. North Cape Publications. 2006. 978-1-882391-41-7.
- Rottman, Gordon L. The AK-47: Kalashnikov-series Assault Rifles. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2011. 978-1-84908-835-0.
- Vorobiev, Marco. Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to AKs. Gun Digest Book. December 2023. 978-1-4402-4647-0.
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1- assault rifleTerminology
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