John Muirhead Macfarlane
Illustration — Sarracenia psittacina - Macfarlane illustration • Illustration — Darlingtonia californica - Macfarlane illustration John Muirhead Macfarlane FRSE LLD (28 September 1855, Kirkcaldy, Fife – 16 September 1943, Lancaster) was a Scottish botanist.
Also recorded as Macfarl. · J M Macfarlane · John M. Macfarlane
John Muirhead Macfarlane

John Muirhead Macfarlane · Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler Das Pflanzenreich IV, 111, Heft 36: 1–91. · Public domain
- Born
- 1855 · Kirkcaldy.
- Died
- 1943 · Lancaster.
- Nationality
- United Kingdom · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- Occupation
- botanist · writer · botanical collector · scientific collector · naturalist
- Education
- University of Pennsylvania
- Languages
- English
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Illustration — Sarracenia psittacina - Macfarlane illustration • Illustration — Darlingtonia californica - Macfarlane illustration John Muirhead Macfarlane FRSE LLD (28 September 1855, Kirkcaldy, Fife – 16 September 1943, Lancaster) was a Scottish botanist.
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In this article
Life
Life
He was born in Kirkcaldy in Fife on 28 September 1855. He was educated locally, then studied sciences at the University of Edinburgh, first graduating with a BSc, followed by a degree of Doctor of Science in 1883. He occupied several different academic positions at the University of Edinburgh and the Royal Dick Veterinary College. In 1885 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Alexander Dickson, Robert Gray, Alexander Buchan and Andrew Peebles Aitken. During this period he lived at 3 Bellevue Terrace on the eastern fringe of the New Town. In 1892, he was elected an International Honorary Member of the American Philosophical Society. In 1893 he travelled to the United States to assume a professorial chair at the University of Pennsylvania. He held this position until retirement in 1920. During his time at the University of Pennsylvania he encouraged botanists such as Edith May Farr. He played a leading role in organising and diversifying the botanical garden of the University of Pennsylvania. On retiral he returned to Britain and died in Lancaster in northern England on 16 September 1943. John Muirhead Macfarlane died in Lancaster, New Hampshire USA. He is buried in the Durant Road Cemetery in Durant, New Hampshire.
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Kirkcaldy.
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Lancaster.
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Publications
Macfarlane is best known for his first book, The causes and course of organic evolution. A study in bioenergics (1918). He also wrote many other works including The evolution and distribution of flowering plants (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae) (1933), The evolution and distribution of fishes (1923), Fishes the source of petroleum (1923), and The quantity and sources of our petroleum supplies (1931). Macfarlane revised the tropical pitcher plant family in his 1908 monograph, "Nepenthaceae".

Illustration of Nepenthes edwardsiana
John Muirhead Macfarlane · Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler Das Pflanzenreich IV, 111, Heft 36: 1–91.

" Heliamphora nutans Benth. A Entire Plant. B Androecium. C Stamen. D Pistil. E Transverse section of the ovary. F Seed, with the testa. G Vertical section of the seed. H Embryo."
John Muirhead Macfarlane · Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Sarraceniaceae. In: A. Engler Das Pflanzenreich IV, 110, Heft 36: 1–91.
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- “John Muirhead Macfarlane”, English Wikipedia, consulted as further reading
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- Wikidata, structured authority record Q1701169: John Muirhead Macfarlane
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The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 18 August 2026.
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