Ineni
Illustration — Ineni (upper left, partly destroyed) in a hunting scene from his tomb TT81. Ineni (sometimes transliterated as Anena) was an ancient Egyptian architect and government official of the 18th Dynasty, responsible for major construction projects under the pharaohs Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II and the joint reigns of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. He had many titles, including Superintendent of the Granaries, Superintendent of the Royal Buildings, Superintendent of the Workmen in the Karnak Treasuries, etc. Ineni came from an aristocratic family and likely began his career as an architect under Amenhotep I. Amenhotep I commissioned Ineni to expand the Temple of Karnak.
Ineni
- Born
- 1550.
- Nationality
- Egypt.
- Occupation
- architect.
- Languages
- Egyptian Arabic.
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Illustration — Ineni (upper left, partly destroyed) in a hunting scene from his tomb TT81. Ineni (sometimes transliterated as Anena) was an ancient Egyptian architect and government official of the 18th Dynasty, responsible for major construction projects under the pharaohs Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II and the joint reigns of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. He had many titles, including Superintendent of the Granaries, Superintendent of the Royal Buildings, Superintendent of the Workmen in the Karnak Treasuries, etc. Ineni came from an aristocratic family and likely began his career as an architect under Amenhotep I. Amenhotep I commissioned Ineni to expand the Temple of Karnak.
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wikidata · Q1097036 · wikipedia · Ineni
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Biography
The expansion included a barque shrine of Amun and a new treasury. Ineni probably also oversaw the construction of Amenhotep I's tomb and mortuary temple. The mortuary temple was the first to be disconnected from the actual tomb, presumably so it would not draw attention to the burial site. Amenhotep I died before the treasury could be completed, but Ineni was retained by his successor, Thutmose I. An avid builder, Thutmose I commissioned many construction projects during his rule, including the first tomb carved out at the Valley of the Kings. Many of his projects were at the Temple of Karnak and were under the supervision of Ineni. These works included the fourth and fifth pylons, numerous courts and statues, the completion of the Treasury expansion begun by Amenhotep I, and a hypostyle hall of cedar wood constructed at Karnak to commemorate Thutmose I's victory over the Hyksos. During the reign of Hatshepsut, a new architect, Senemut, would gain major commissions; most notably the construction of her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri. Ineni, however, continued to supervise several structures commissioned by Hatshepsut and was likely consulted on many others. He was considered by his contemporaries to be one of her court favorites, and the steles on the walls of his tomb speak kindly of her. His tomb was one of the few structures where Hatshepsut's name was not chiseled out or replaced, perhaps out of respect for him.
The recorded working language is Egyptian Arabic. Positions recorded include pharaoh.
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 71-73 .
- 2.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 73-82 .
- 3.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 82-84 .
- 4.Nella biografia di Ineni, trattando del regno di Thutmosi II, compare la frase: "Sua sorella, la sposa del Dio Hatshepsut, dirigeva gli affari del Paese secondo la propria volontà. Le Due Terre erano sotto il suo governo"
- 5.cita Noblecourt 2003 p. 47 .
- 6.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 13 e sgg.
- 7.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 53-54 .
- 8.Normalmente il personaggio più importante, o di rango maggiore, viene rappresentato di altezza maggiore degli altri presenti.
- 9.cita Navarro 2006 p. 54 .
- 10.cita Porter e Moss 1927 p. 159 .
- 11.cita Whale 1989 .
- 12.Il nome Tamethu coincide con quello della moglie del visir Amethu data anche la prossimità del periodo storico. Questo posizionerebbe Ineni e la sua famiglia nella ristretta cerchia delle famiglie di alto rango più vicine al re.
- 13.cita Dziobek 1992 .
- 14.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 57-62 .
- 15.il termine viene adoperato in vari contesti ad indicare qualcosa che viene per primo: nelle imbarcazioni la prua, nell’esercito l’avanguardia, con riferimento a persona indica uno stato di preminenza. Nel caso specifico è assimilabile a un titolo onorifico che indica uno status sociale assegnato dal re a personaggio che ha offerto la propria opera con ottimi risultati.
- 16.cita Navarro 2006 p. 60 .
- 17.Il dizionario Faulkner lo traduce come carica non identificabile e lo assimila al termine “junior”; Alan Gardiner lo indica come termine indicante lo stato di agiatezza economica di chi lo porta.
- 18.cita Gardiner 1927 .
- 19.cita Faulkner 1962 .
- 20.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 63-66 .
- 21.cita Navarro 2006 p. 63 .
- 22.cita Navarro 2006 p. 64 .
- 23.cita Navarro 2006 p. 66 .
- 24.cita Bresciani 2002 p. 265 .
- 25.cita Grimal 2002 p. 343 .
- 26.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 73-87 .
- 27.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 73-74 .
- 28.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 74-81 .
- 29.Considerando che la grande sala ipostila del tempio di Karnak si deve a Sethy I e a Ramses II, deve ritenersi che quella progettata da Ineni fosse una sala di dimensioni più ridotte di cui oggi non resta traccia apprezzabile.
- 30.cita Navarro 2006 p. 76 .
- 31.Era usuale, presso gli antichi egizi, assegnare a opere architettoniche nomi specifici; a titolo esemplificativo si considerino il Tempio funerario di Hatshepsut a Deir el-Bahari, ovvero il Djeser-Djeseru, il "Sublime dei sublimi", o le piramidi che godevano addirittura di personalità giuridica; avremo,così, "Kufu (Cheope) appartiene all'orizzonte", "Kafra (Chefren) è grande" o "Pepi è stabile nella perfezione".
- 32.cita Navarro 2006 p. 77 .
- 33.Secondo alcuni studiosi, l'egittologa statunitense Elizabeth Thomas tra gli altri, la prima tomba della Valle dei Re sarebbe in realtà da identificare nella KV41 della regina Tetisherit, sposa del re Senekhtenra Ahmose della XVII dinastia. In questo caso, tuttavia, si tratta di poco più che un pozzo verticale di 1,80 m circa di lato per una profondità di quasi 12 m, mentre la KV38 di Thutmosi I presenta una struttura ben più complessa per quanto ridotta.
- 34.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 78-81 .
- 35.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 81-82 .
- 36.cita Navarro 2006 p. 83 .
- 37.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 87-92 .
- 38.cita Navarro 2006 p. 93 .
- 39.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 95-97 .
- 40.Durante la cerimonia della psicostasia Thot, dio della saggezza, prende nota dell'esito della pesatura del cuore rispetto alla Maat, simboleggiata da una piuma: se il cuore, come depositario di tutte le azioni, buone o malvagie, compiute durante la vita, bilancerà la piuma, allora il defunto sarà dichiarato maat-kheru ovvero "giusto", o "giustificato", ed ammesso al regno dei morti.
- 41.cita Navarro 2006 pp. 99-103 .
- 42.Il "deben" era un'unità di peso. Nell'Antico e Medio Regno, corrispondeva a 13,6 g; nel Nuovo Regno, 1 deben = 91 g suddivisibile in 10 "kidet". La tabella riportata nella quinta iscrizione della TT81 riporta, su nove colonne: tempio di Amon 440; tempio di Nut 8,5; analoga quantità per i templi di Khonsu, Ptah, Hathor e per il tempio di Luxor; due divinità sono scarsamente leggibili, con quantitativi di 1[...] e, infine, Horheramòn 19.
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