Hugo Bergmann

Hugo Bergmann studied at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charles University and philosophy faculty of the German university of Prague. The recorded working language is Hebrew and German. The field of work recorded is philosophy and library science. Franz Kafka, Max Brod and Emil Utitz are recorded as an influence. Places of work recorded in the authority are Prague and Jerusalem. Employment is recorded with Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Positions recorded include rector. Distinctions recorded are Israel Prize, Tchernichowsky Prize and Yakir Yerushalayim.

• Name — Hugo Bergmann • Native Name — הוגו ברגמן • Birth Name — Samuel Hugo Bergmann • Born — 25 December 1883 • Birthplace — Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary • Died — 18 June 1975 • Place of death — Jerusalem, Israel • Occupation — Philosopher • Relatives — Michael Bergmann (grandson) Pavel Bergmann (nephew).Lydia Frank (granddaughter

Hugo Samuel Bergmann was born and raised in Prague, Austria-Hungary. He was a member of the Prague intelligentsia visiting the salon group that met at the house of Berta Fanta. Bergmann married her daughter Else Fanta. Bergmann and his wife immigrated to Palestine in 1920. They lived in the Rehavia neighborhood of Jerusalem. Bergmann served as the director of the Jewish National Library between 1920 and 1935. He brought Gershom Scholem from Germany to serve as the head of the Judaica Division. In 1936 he married Escha Else Bergmann who was Scholem's first wife. Together with Martin Buber, he founded Brit Shalom, an organization espousing a binational solution for promoting the co-existence of Jews and Arabs in the State of Israel. Bergmann was the father of Martin S. Bergmann, professor of psychology at New York University, the uncle of the Czech philosopher and historian Pavel Bergmann and the grandfather of the American director, writer and producer Michael Bergmann.

• Illustration — Hugo Bergmann, 1959 He became a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and later on the dean of the university. He was friends with Franz Kafka, who was a schoolmate of his, the philosopher Felix Weltsch, who later worked at the Hebrew University Library in Jerusalem, and Max Brod, whom he introduced to Zionism before 1910. He wrote on the nature of quantum mechanics and causality where he interpreted spontaneity in nature with the psychological idea that the closer we come to elements in nature or components in the individual, the less tenable is strict causal determinism and the more freedom we must grant to decisive personal elements: "In corresponding areas of physics, the statistical law of averages takes on the same functions in determining temporal position and in prediction and reconstruction that the strict law of causality previously covered, but with the distinction that the individual case could be temporally located and predicted or reconstructed before, whereas now we deal only with the average." (1929) He translated several of Rudolf Steiner's books about Threefold Social Order into Hebrew.

• Das philosophische Werk Bernard Bolzanos mit Benutzung ungedruckter Quellen kritisch untersucht: Nebst einem Anhange: Bolzanos Beiträge zur philosophischen Grundlegung der Mathematik (1909) • Das Unendliche und die Zahl (1913) • Der Kampf um das Kausalgesetz in der juengsten Physik (1929) • Maimon und Cohen (1939?)

Hugo Bergmann is recorded as librarian, philosopher, pedagogue, translator and teacher.