Grikor Suni

Suni was an instrumental figure in establishing the national identity of Armenian music and considered one of the many founders of modern Armenian music.

• Name — Grikor Suni Mirzaian • Birth Name — Grikor Mirzaian • Born — September 10, 1876 • Birthplace — Getabek, Elisabethpol Governorate, Russian Empire • Origin — Armenian • Died — 18 December 1939 • Place of death — Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States • Occupation — Composer, Choirmaster, Musicologist

Grikor Suni came from a family of Armenian meliks (princes) from Syunik. He was the son of the singer and miniaturist Hovhannes Varandetsi and the grandson of the once famous ashug (folk singer) Melik Hovhannes Mirzabekyan. His great grandfather was Ashiq-Bashi (Chief Minstrel) at the court of Fath-Ali Shah. In 1883, he lost his father, who was killed falling from a horse. Suni spent much of his childhood in Shushi where he first started to study music. In Shushi, the future composer became acquainted with the Armenian musical notation system and theory. The young musician received wide recognition in the city and for his beautiful voice he was nicknamed Ghali Bulbul. • Illustration — Khandamiryan theater in Shushi where Suni gave his first concert Originating from a line of musicians, he studied music professionally from 1891 to 1895 at the Gevorgian Academy in Echmiadzin, near Yerevan, with Soghomon Soghomonian (later known as Komitas Vardapet), with whom he became friends and a long-time collaborator. Upon graduating in 1895, he established his choir in his hometown of Shushi. There in the regionally famous Armenian Khandamiryan theater, he gave his first concert with his chorus composed of folk songs he collected from the region. With the money he made from the concert, he moved to St. Petersburg, where he studied music from 1895 to 1904 with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Alexander Glazunov and Anatoly Lyadov. In St. Petersburg, he released his first collection of Armenian folk songs. In 1904, he moved to Tbilisi where he taught at the Nersisian School until 1908, gathering Armenian folk songs from Turkey and Iran. Suni briefly moved to Erzurum from 1910 to 1914 but returned to Tbilisi where he continued his activities as a composer and music instructor. "In October [1919] the founding of a national conservatory of music was entrusted to Grigor Mirzayan (Suny), and preparations were made for the Republic’s first art exhibit, featuring the works of thirty painters and sculptors, as the nucleus of a national gallery." Following this, he lived periodically in Tehran before returning back to Tbilisi in 1921. • Illustration — Nersisian school in Tbilisi where Suni was an instructor Following the Sovietization of Armenia, Suni turned in his entire music library to the Soviet authorities and headed for Constaninople. There he taught at various local Armenian schools and established his own Armenian choir. However in 1923, following the growing Kemalist movement, he moved to the United States, arriving in New York in the fall of 2023 with his family. In 1925, he moved to Philadelphia, establishing a music studio dedicated to traditional Armenian music and continuing his career by judging international music competitions. He continued making music throughout the 1930s until his death in 1939, notably his pro-communist Nor Kyank’i Yergere (Songs of the New Life). Ronald Grigor Suny, Emeritus Professor of political science at the University of Chicago, is a grandson of Grikor Mirzaian Suni.

Suni was known as an outspoken politician figure during his time. At a young age, Suni was influenced by socialist ideals spreading in the Russian Empire. Initially, Suni was part of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, the Dashnaktsutyun, which was a socialist party. However, he had a falling out with the Dashnaks and later became an avid spokesperson for the Bolsheviks. Because of this, he was frequently persecuted for the political nature of his works by fellow Armenian nationalists and under constant threat of arrest. Along with the folk songs he collected, he also wrote militaristic songs that had strong communist themes. This would culminate into his eventual exile into the United States where he spent the rest of his life and joined the Armenian communist party of America, the Harajdimakan.

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