Friedrich Wilhelm Rust

• Name — Friedrich Wilhelm Rust • Birth Name — Friedrich Wilhelm Rust • Born — 6 July 1739 • Birthplace — Wörlitz, Anhalt-Dessau, Holy Roman Empire • Died — 28 February 1796 • Place of death — Wörlitz, Holy Roman Empire • Spouse — Henriette Niedhart

He was born in Wörlitz in Anhalt-Dessau (now in Saxony-Anhalt) on 6 July 1739. Encouraged to study violin, Rust was taught early on by his older brother, Johann Ludwig Anton, who was an accomplished musician with J.S. Bach's orchestra and played as a violinist in Leipzig. Rust also studied piano, particularly the works of Johann Sebastian Bach; he was able to play his collection of preludes and fugues in all keys Das Wohltemperierte Clavier from memory at the age of 13 or 16, according to other sources. His father, a princely Kammerrat and bailiff, died in 1751, and he moved with his mother and brother to Gröbzig. He attended the Lutheran gymnasium in Cöthen beginning in 1755, and from 1758 took law at University of Halle. During this period, he studied composition and organ with Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, who he described as "stingy with his art". From 1762, he took music lessons with Carl Höckh in Zerbst, and with Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach and Franz Benda in Berlin and Potsdam. In 1765–66, he accompanied Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau, on a trip to Italy. While there, he trained with Giovanni Battista Martini, Pietro Nardini, Gaetano Pugnani, Giuseppe Tartini and Georg Benda. He also became interested in the viola d'amore, for which he would compose at least nine pieces. In 1766, he returned to Dessau, where he worked as an educator and music organizer. He created a subscription concert series in 1769, and on September 24, 1774, he founded an opera theatre. In 1774, Rust was made court music director and married Henriette Niedhardt, a former pupil, who was a singer, with whom he had eight children. His eldest son died in a drowning accident and his youngest son, Wilhelm Karl, became a well known music instructor. He met Goethe in 1776, who was "deeply impressed" by the composer. His Sonata per il Clavicordio all imitazione de Timpani del Salterio e del Liuto (1792) was considered interesting in part because of its imitation of the timpani by the tremolo effect. Rust died in Dessau on 28 February 1796, aged 56.

Rust's oeuvre comprises every genre of the time except symphony. He wrote several large choral works, 100 lieder, and pieces for clavichord, viola d'amore, harp, lute, and "nail violin". His cantatas, included Herr Gott, wir loben dich and Allgnädiger, in allen Höhen, and songs included Goethe's Wanderers Nachtlied. He composed a Schäferspiel, Korylas und Lalage, and technically demanding violin and piano works (including six sonatas). During the last twelve years of his life he composed more sacred music. His musical forte covered psalm settings for solo, chorus and orchestra, duodramas and monodramas. He also composed music for dramas and operas.