Florence Lawrence
Florence Lawrence (born Florence Annie Bridgwood; January 2, 1886 – December 28, 1938) was a Canadian-American actress and inventor. She is often referred to as the "first movie star", and was long thought to be the first film actor to be named publicly until evidence published in 2019 indicated that the first named film star was French actor Max Linder. At the height of her fame in the 1910s, she was known as the "Biograph Girl" for work as one of the leading ladies in silent films from the Biograph Company.
Also recorded as Florence Annie Bridgwood · "Flo" Lawrence
Florence Lawrence

Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research · Public domain
- Name
- Florence Lawrence
- Birth Name
- Florence Annie Bridgwood
- Born
- 2 January 1886
- Birthplace
- Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Died
- 28 December 1938
- Place of death
- Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
- Known for
- * The Girl and the Outlaw
- Occupation
- * Actress
- Nationality
- Canada and United States.
- Languages
- English.
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Documentary summary
Florence Lawrence (born Florence Annie Bridgwood; January 2, 1886 – December 28, 1938) was a Canadian-American actress and inventor. She is often referred to as the "first movie star", and was long thought to be the first film actor to be named publicly until evidence published in 2019 indicated that the first named film star was French actor Max Linder. At the height of her fame in the 1910s, she was known as the "Biograph Girl" for work as one of the leading ladies in silent films from the Biograph Company.
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In this article
Biography
Biography
She appeared in almost 300 films for various motion picture companies throughout her career. Outside of her film career, she is best known for inventing the car turn and brake signals.

Margie (played by Florence Lawrence, far right) is loved by both Rob (Owen Moore, on the left) and Orin (Gladden James, right) in this publicity still from the 1912 Victor production After All. Margie's widowed mother (played by Victory Bateman) stands on the stoop.
Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research

Florence Lawrence peeps through curtains to look at Arthur V. Johnson in a scene still for the Lubin 1911 silent drama One on Reno.
Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research · Still at Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research
Key facts
Key facts
• Name — Florence Lawrence • Birth Name — Florence Annie Bridgwood • Born — 2 January 1886 • Birthplace — Hamilton, Ontario, Canada • Died — 28 December 1938 • Place of death — Beverly Hills, California, U.S. • Resting Place — Hollywood Forever Cemetery • Known for — * The Girl and the Outlaw • Resurrection • Mr. Jones at the Ball • Mrs. Jones Entertains • The Broken Oath • Her Humble Ministry • The Maelstrom • The Unfoldment • The Angel of the Studio • Betrayed by a Handprint • Occupation — * Actress • inventor • Other Names — The Biograph Girl The Imp Girl
Early life
Early life
Florence Annie Bridgwood was born on 2 January 1886 in Hamilton, Ontario. She was the youngest of three children of George Bridgwood, an English-born carriage builder and Charlotte "Lotta" Bridgwood (née Dunn), a vaudeville actress. Charlotte Bridgwood had emigrated to Canada from Ireland after the Great Famine with her family as a child. She was known professionally as Lotta Lawrence and was the leading lady and director of the Lawrence Dramatic Company. At the age of three, Lawrence made her debut onstage with her mother in a song and dance routine. When she was old enough to memorize lines of dialogue, she performed with her mother and other members of the Lawrence Dramatic Company in dramatic plays. After performing tear-jerking dramas like Dora Thorne and East Lynne began to depress Lawrence, her mother dropped them from the company's repertoire. While Lawrence performed on stage at the behest of her mother, she recalled that she enjoyed the work but did not like the traveling that all vaudeville performers were required to do. By the age of six, Lawrence had earned the nickname "Baby Flo, the Child Wonder". On February 18, 1898, George Bridgwood died from accidental coal gas poisoning at his home in Hamilton (Lawrence's parents had been separated since she was four years old). Lotta Lawrence moved the family from Hamilton to Buffalo, New York to live with her mother Ann Dunn. She chose to stop bringing her children along for stage performances and for the first time, Florence was enrolled in school. After graduating, Lawrence rejoined her mother's dramatic company. However, her mother disbanded the Lawrence Dramatic Company shortly thereafter; the two moved to New York City around 1906.
Early career: film and stage
Early career: film and stage
• Illustration — Portrait of Lawrence by Frank C. Bangs Studio, c. 1908 Lawrence was one of several Canadian pioneers in the film industry who were attracted by the rapid growth of the fledgling motion picture business. In 1906, she appeared in her first motion picture. The next year, she appeared in 38 movies for the Vitagraph film company. During the spring and summer of 1906, Lawrence auditioned for a number of Broadway productions, but she did not have success. However, on December 27, 1906, she was hired by the Edison Manufacturing Company to play Daniel Boone's daughter in Daniel Boone; or, Pioneer Days in America. She got the part because she knew how to ride a horse. Both she and her mother received parts and were paid five dollars per day for two weeks of outdoor filming in freezing weather. In 1907, she went to work for the Vitagraph Company in Brooklyn, New York, acting as Moya, an Irish peasant girl in a one-reel version of Dion Boucicault's The Shaughraun. She returned briefly to stage acting, playing the leading role in a road show production of Melville B. Raymond's Seminary Girls. Her mother played her last role in this production. After touring with the roadshow for a year, Lawrence resolved that she would "never again lead that gypsy life". In 1908, she returned to Vitagraph where she played the lead role in The Dispatch Bearer. Largely as a result of her equestrian skills, she received parts in 11 films in the next five months.
Biograph Studios
Biograph Studios
• Illustration — Florence Lawrence in Ingomar, the Barbarian (1908) Also at Vitagraph was a young actor, Harry Solter, who was looking for "a young, beautiful equestrian girl" to star in a film to be produced by the Biograph Studios under the direction of D. W. Griffith. Griffith, the most prominent producer-director at Biograph Studios, had noticed the beautiful blonde-haired woman in one of Vitagraph's films. Because the film's actors received no mention, Griffith had to make discreet inquiries to learn she was Florence Lawrence and to arrange a meeting. Griffith had intended to give the part to Florence Turner, Biograph's leading lady, but Lawrence managed to convince Solter and Griffith that she was the best suited for the starring role in The Girl and the Outlaw. With the Vitagraph Company, she had been earning $20 per week, working also as a costume seamstress over and above acting. Griffith offered her a job, acting only, for $25 per week. • Illustration — Florence Lawrence, Harry Solter and Mack Sennett in The Slave (1909) After her success in this role, she appeared as a society belle in Betrayed by a Handprint and as an Indian in The Red Girl. In total, she had parts in most of the 60 films directed by Griffith in 1908. Toward the end of 1908, Lawrence married Harry Solter. Lawrence gained much popularity, but because her name never was publicized, fans began writing to the studio asking to know her identity. Even after she had gained wide recognition, particularly after starring in the comedy series Mr. and Mrs. Jones and the highly successful Resurrection, Biograph Studios refused to publicly announce her name and fans simply called her the "Biograph Girl". During cinema's formative years, silent screen actors were not named because studio owners feared that fame might lead to demands for higher wages and because many actors were embarrassed to be performing pantomime in motion pictures. She continued to work for Biograph in 1909. Her demand to be paid by the week rather than daily was met, and she received double the normal rate. • Illustration — Arthur V. Johnson and Florence Lawrence in Resurrection (1909)
Independent Moving Pictures Company
Independent Moving Pictures Company
• Illustration — Carl Laemmle's promotion of The Broken Oath starring Lawrence (Billboard 1910) Finding themselves 'at liberty', Lawrence and Solter in 1909 were able to join the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America (IMP). The company, founded by Carl Laemmle, the owner of a film exchange (who later absorbed IMP into Universal Pictures, of which he was founder and president), was looking for experienced filmmakers and actors. Needing a star, he lured Lawrence away from Biograph by promising to give her a marquee. First, Laemmle organized a publicity stunt by starting a rumor that Lawrence had been killed by a street car in New York City. Then, after gaining much media attention, he placed ads in the newspapers that announced "We nail a lie" and included a photo of Lawrence. The ad declared she is alive and well and making The Broken Oath, a new movie for his IMP Film Company to be directed by Solter. Laemmle had Lawrence make a personal appearance in St. Louis, Missouri in March 1910 with her leading man to show her fans that she was very much alive, making her one of the early performers not already famous in another medium to be identified by name by her studio.
Lubin Studios
Lubin Studios
By late 1910, Lawrence left IMP to work for Lubin Studios, advising her fellow Canadian, the 18-year-old Mary Pickford, to take her place as IMP's star.
Automotive inventions
Automotive inventions
Besides her film career, Lawrence is credited with designing the first "auto signaling arm", a predecessor of the modern turn signal, along with the first mechanical brake signal. She did not patent these inventions, however, and as a result she received no credit for, nor profit from, either one.
Personal life
Personal life
• Illustration — Florence Lawrence, silent film actress (1914) Lawrence was married three times. Her first marriage was to actor, screenwriter and director Harry Solter in 1908. They remained married until Solter's death in 1920. She then married automobile salesman Charles Byrne Woodring in 1921. They separated in 1929; Lawrence was granted an interlocutory divorce in February 1931, which was finalized the following year. During the 1920s, Lawrence and Woodring opened a cosmetics store in Los Angeles called Hollywood Cosmetics. The store sold theatrical makeup and also sold a line of cosmetics that Lawrence developed. They continued their partnership after their separation in 1929, but the store was forced to close in 1931. In 1933, Lawrence wed for the third and final time, to Henry Bolton, who turned out to be an abusive alcoholic and beat her severely. The union lasted five months.
Later years
Later years
By the late 1920s, Lawrence's popularity had declined and she suffered several personal losses. She was devastated when her mother, to whom she was close, died suddenly in August 1929. Four months later, she separated from her second husband, Charles Woodring. While Lawrence earned a small fortune during her film career, she made many poor business decisions. She lost much of her fortune after the stock market crash in October 1929 and ensuing Great Depression. The cosmetics store that she and her second husband opened in Los Angeles also lost business because of the Depression, and the couple was forced to close its doors in 1931. By the early 1930s, Lawrence's acting career consisted solely of extra and bit parts which were often uncredited. In 1936, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio head Louis B. Mayer began giving extra and bit parts to former silent film actors for $75 per week. Lawrence, along with other "old timers" from the silent era whose careers had all but ended when sound films replaced silent films, signed with M-G-M. Lawrence remained with the studio until her death. In mid-1937, Lawrence was diagnosed with what her doctor described as "a bone disease which produces anemia and depression." The disease was likely myelofibrosis, a rare bone marrow disease, or agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, both of which were incurable at the time. Due to her poor health and chronic pain, Lawrence became depressed but attempted to keep working. Around this time she moved into a home on Westbourne Drive in West Hollywood, with a studio worker named Robert "Bob" Brinlow and his sister.
Death
Death
At 1 p.m. on December 28, 1938, Lawrence phoned the offices of M-G-M where she was to report to work that afternoon, claiming that she was ill. Sometime later in the afternoon, Lawrence ingested ant poison and cough syrup at her home in West Hollywood. Accounts differ as to how Lawrence was discovered; some media reports stated her neighbor Marian Menzer heard her screams, while others say that Lawrence called Menzer stating that she poisoned herself. Menzer called an ambulance, and Lawrence was rushed to Beverly Hills Emergency Hospital. Doctors were unable to save Lawrence, who died at 2:45 p.m. Lawrence left a suicide note in her home addressed to her housemate Bob Brinlow, stating: Dear Bob, • Call Dr. Wilson. I am tired. Hope this works. Good bye, my darling. They can't cure me, so let it go at that. • Lovingly, Florence – P.S. You've all been swell guys. Everything is yours. • Illustration — Lawrence's gravestone, Hollywood Forever Cemetery Lawrence's death was ruled a "probable suicide" owing to her "ill health". The Motion Picture & Television Fund paid for Lawrence's funeral, held on December 30, and for her unmarked grave in the Hollywood Cemetery (now Hollywood Forever Cemetery) in Hollywood. Her grave remained unmarked until 1991, when an anonymous British actor paid for a memorial marker for her. It reads: "The Biograph Girl/The First Movie Star". The date of birth on Lawrence's headstone is given as 1890. This inaccuracy was also stated on her death certificate filled out by the coroner. Lawrence's biographer, Kelly R. Brown, owed this mistake to "Lawrence's own brand of fiction" as she routinely subtracted years off her age. The mistake was repeated by the Pierce Brothers Mortuary, where Lawrence's funeral was held, although most obituaries printed her correct year of birth: 1886.
Short subject
Short subject
• Year — Title — Role — Notes • 1906 — data-sort-value="Automobile Thieves, The" | The Automobile Thieves — Female accomplice • 1907 — Daniel Boone — Boones' daughter • 1907 — data-sort-value="Boy, the Bust and the Bath, The" | The Boy, the Bust and the Bath • 1907 — Athletic American Girls — Lost film • 1907 — Bargain Fiend; or, Shopping à la Mode — Lost film • 1907 — data-sort-value="Shaughraun, The" | The Shaughraun (1907 film) — Moya — Lost film • 1907 — data-sort-value="Mill Girl, The" | The Mill Girl (1907 film) • 1907 — data-sort-value="Despatch Bearer; or, Through the Enemy's Lines, The" | The Despatch Bearer; or, Through the Enemy's Lines — Lost film • 1908 — Cupid's Realm; or, A Game of Hearts — Lost film • 1908 — Macbeth — Banquet Guest — Lost film • 1908 — Romeo and Juliet — Juliet • 1908 — Lady Jane's Flight — Lady Jane — Lost film • 1908 — data-sort-value="Viking's Daughter: The Story of the Ancient Norsemen, The" | The Viking's Daughter: The Story of the Ancient Norsemen — Theckla, the Viking's Daughter — Lost film • 1908 — Love Laughs at Locksmiths; an 18th Century Romance — Lost film • 1908 — data-sort-value="Bandit's Waterloo, The" | The Bandit's Waterloo • 1908 — Salome — Salome — Lost film • 1908 — Betrayed by a Handprint — Myrtle Vane • 1908 — data-sort-value="Girl and the Outlaw, The" | The Girl and the Outlaw — Woman — Lost film • 1908 — Behind the Scenes — Mrs. Bailey • 1908 — data-sort-value="Red Girl, The" | The Red Girl — The Red Girl • 1908 — data-sort-value="Heart of O'Yama, The" | The Heart of O'Yama — O'Yama • 1908 — Where the Breakers Roar — At the Beach • 1908 — data-sort-value="Smoked Husband, A" | A Smoked Husband — Mrs. Bibbs • 1908 — Richard III — Lost film • 1908 — data-sort-value="Stolen Jewels, The" | The Stolen Jewels — Mrs. Jenkins • 1908 — data-sort-value="Devil, The" | The Devil — A Model • 1908 — data-sort-value="Zulu's Heart, The" | The Zulu's Heart — The Boer's Wife • 1908 — Father Gets in the Game — First Couple • 1908 — Ingomar, the Barbarian — Parthenia • 1908 — data-sort-value="Vaquero's Vow, The" | The Vaquero's Vow — Wedding Party / In Bar • 1908 — data-sort-value="Planter's Wife, The" | The Planter's Wife — Tomboy Nellie • 1908 — Romance of a Jewess — Ruth Simonson • 1908 — data-sort-value="Call of the Wild, The" | The Call of the Wild — Gladys Penrose • 1908 — Concealing a Burglar — Mrs. Brown — Lost film • 1908 — Antony and Cleopatra — Cleopatra • 1908 — After Many Years — Mrs. John Davis • 1908 — data-sort-value="Pirate's Gold, The" | The Pirate's Gold — Lost film • 1908 — data-sort-value="Taming of the Shrew, The" | The Taming of the Shrew — Katharina • 1908 — data-sort-value="Song of the Shirt, The" | The Song of the Shirt — Working Woman – 1st Sister — Incomplete film • 1908 — data-sort-value="Woman's Way, A" | A Woman's Way — Lost film • 1908 — data-sort-value="Ingrate, The" | The Ingrate — The Trapper's Wife — Lost film • 1908 — An Awful Moment — Mrs. Mowbray • 1908 — data-sort-value="Clubman and the Tramp, The" | The Clubman and the Tramp — Bridget / Dinner Guest • 1908 — Julius Caesar — Calpurnia — Lost film • 1908 — Money Mad — Bank Customer / Landlady • 1908 — data-sort-value="Valet's Wife, The" | The Valet's Wife — Nurse • 1908 — data-sort-value="Feud and the Turkey, The" | The Feud and the Turkey — Nellie Caufield's Sister — Lost film • 1908 — data-sort-value="Reckoning, The" | The Reckoning — The Wife — Lost film • 1908 — data-sort-value="Test of Friendship, The" | The Test of Friendship — Jennie Colman — Lost film • 1908 — data-sort-value="Dancer and the King: A Romantic Story of Spain, The" | The Dancer and the King: A Romantic Story of Spain — Lost film • 1908 — data-sort-value="Christmas Burglars, The" | The Christmas Burglars — Mrs. Martin — Lost film • 1908 — Mr. Jones at the Ball — Mrs. Jones • 1908 — data-sort-value="Helping Hand, The" | The Helping Hand — At Brothel / Wedding Guest — Lost film • 1908 — data-sort-value="Calamitous Elopement, A" | A Calamitous Elopement • 1909 — One Touch of Nature — Mrs. John Murray — Lost film • 1909 — Mrs. Jones Entertains — Mrs. Jones — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Honor of Thieves, The" | The Honor of Thieves — Rachel Einstein — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Sacrifice, The" | The Sacrifice — Mrs. Hardluck — Lost film • 1909 — Those Boys! — The Maid — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Criminal Hypnotist, The" | The Criminal Hypnotist — The Maid — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Fascinating Mrs. Francis, The" | The Fascinating Mrs. Francis — Visitor — Lost film • 1909 — Mr. Jones Has a Card Party — Mrs. Jones • 1909 — Those Awful Hats — Theatre Audience — Uncredited • 1909 — data-sort-value="Cord of Life, The" | The Cord of Life — Woman in Tenement • 1909 — data-sort-value="Girls and Daddy, The" | The Girls and Daddy — Dr. Payson's First Daughter • 1909 — data-sort-value="Brahma Diamond, The" | The Brahma Diamond — The Guard's Sweetheart — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Wreath in Time, A" | A Wreath in Time — Mrs. John Goodhusband • 1909 — Tragic Love — The Maid / In Factory — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Curtain Pole, The" | The Curtain Pole — Mrs. Edwards • 1909 — His Ward's Love — The Reverend's Ward — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Joneses Have Amateur Theatricals, The" | The Joneses Have Amateur Theatricals — Mrs. Jones • 1909 — data-sort-value="Politician's Love Story, The" | The Politician's Love Story • 1909 — data-sort-value="Golden Louis, The" | The Golden Louis • 1909 — At the Altar — Girl at Wedding • 1909 — Saul and David (film) — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Prussian Spy, The" | The Prussian Spy — The Maid — Lost film • 1909 — His Wife's Mother — Mrs. Jones — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Fool's Revenge, A" | A Fool's Revenge — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Wooden Leg, The" | The Wooden Leg — Claire — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Roue's Heart, The" | The Roue's Heart — Noblewoman — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Salvation Army Lass, The" | The Salvation Army Lass — Mary Wilson • 1909 — data-sort-value="Lure of the Gown, The" | The Lure of the Gown — Veronica • 1909 — I Did It — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Deception, The" | The Deception — Mabel Colton — Lost film • 1909 — And a Little Child Shall Lead Them • 1909 — data-sort-value="Medicine Bottle, The" | The Medicine Bottle — Mrs. Ross • 1909 — Jones and His New Neighbors — Mrs. Jones • 1909 — data-sort-value="Drunkard's Reformation, A" | A Drunkard's Reformation — Woman In the Play • 1909 — Trying to Get Arrested — The Nanny • 1909 — data-sort-value="Road to the Heart, The" | The Road to the Heart — Miguel's daughter • 1909 — Schneider's Anti-Noise Crusade — Mrs. Schneider • 1909 — The Winning Coat — Lady-in-Waiting — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Sound Sleeper, A" | A Sound Sleeper — Second Woman — Lost film • 1909 — Confidence — Nellie Burton • 1909 — Lady Helen's Escapade — Lady Helen • 1909 — data-sort-value="Troublesome Satchel, A" | A Troublesome Satchel — In Crowd — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Drive for Life, The" | The Drive for Life — Mignon — Lost film • 1909 — Lucky Jim — Wedding Guest • 1909 — Tis an Ill Wind that Blows No Good — Mary Flinn • 1909 — data-sort-value="Eavesdropper, The" | The Eavesdropper — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Note in the Shoe, The" | The Note in the Shoe — Ella Berling — Lost film • 1909 — One Busy Hour — Customer — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="French Duel, The" | The French Duel — Nurse — Lost film • 1909 — Jones and the Lady Book Agent — Mrs. Jones • 1909 — data-sort-value="Baby's Shoe, A" | A Baby's Shoe — The Poor Mother • 1909 — data-sort-value="Jilt, The" | The Jilt — Mary Allison – Frank's Sister — Lost film • 1909 — Resurrection — Katucha • 1909 — data-sort-value="Judgment of Solomon, The" | The Judgment of Solomon — Lost film • 1909 — Two Memories — Party Guest — Lost film • 1909 — Eloping with Auntie — Margie — Lost film • 1909 — What Drink Did — Mrs. Alfred Lucas • 1909 — Eradicating Aunty — Flora – Aunty's Ward — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Lonely Villa, The" | The Lonely Villa — Lost film • 1909 — Her First Biscuits — Mrs. Jones • 1909 — data-sort-value="Peachbasket Hat, The" | The Peachbasket Hat — Mrs. Jones • 1909 — data-sort-value="Way of Man, The" | The Way of Man — Mabel Jarrett • 1909 — data-sort-value="Necklace, The" | The Necklace • 1909 — data-sort-value="Country Doctor, The" | The Country Doctor — Mrs. Harcourt • 1909 — data-sort-value="Cardinal's Conspiracy, The" | The Cardinal's Conspiracy — Princess Angela • 1909 — Tender Hearts — Minor role • 1909 — Sweet and Twenty — Alice's Sister • 1909 — Jealousy and the Man — Mrs. Jim Brooks — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Slave, The" | The Slave — Nerada • 1909 — data-sort-value="Mended Lute, The" | The Mended Lute — Rising Moon • 1909 — Mr. Jones' Burglar — Mrs. Jones • 1909 — Mrs. Jones' Lover — Mrs. Jones — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Hessian Renegades, The" | The Hessian Renegades • 1909 — Lines of White on a Sullen Sea • 1909 — Love's Stratagem — The Girl — Lost film • 1909 — Nursing a Viper • 1909 — data-sort-value="Forest Ranger's Daughter, The" | The Forest Ranger's Daughter — The Forest Ranger's Daughter — Lost film • 1909 — Her Generous Way — Lost film • 1909 — Lest We Forget — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Awakening of Bess, The" | The Awakening of Bess — Bess — Lost film • 1909 — Mrs. Jones Entertains — Mrs. Jones — Lost film • 1909 — data-sort-value="Awakening, The" | The Awakening — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Right of Love, The" | The Right of Love — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Tide of Fortune, The" | The Tide of Fortune — Lost film • 1910 — Never Again — Mrs. Henpecker, Temperance Crusader — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Coquette's Suitors, The" | The Coquette's Suitors — Lost film • 1910 — Justice in the Far North — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Blind Man's Tact, The" | The Blind Man's Tact — Lost film • 1910 — Jane and the Stranger — Jane — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Governor's Pardon, The" | The Governor's Pardon — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="New Minister, The" | The New Minister — Lost film • 1910 — Mother Love — The Mother — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Broken Oath, The" | The Broken Oath — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Time-Lock Safe, The" | The Time-Lock Safe — The Mother • 1910 — His Sick Friend — The Wife — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Stage Note, The" | The Stage Note — Lost film • 1910 — Transfusion — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Miser's Daughter, The" | The Miser's Daughter — The Miser's Daughter — Lost film • 1910 — His Second Wife — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Rosary, The" | The Rosary — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Maelstrom, The" | The Maelstrom • 1910 — data-sort-value="New Shawl, The" | The New Shawl — Marie — Lost film • 1910 — Two Men — The Orphan — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Doctor's Perfidy, The" | The Doctor's Perfidy — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Eternal Triangle, The" | The Eternal Triangle — The Wife — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Nichols on Vacation, The" | The Nichols on Vacation — Mrs. Nichols — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Reno Romance, A" | A Reno Romance — Grace — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Discontented Woman, A" | A Discontented Woman — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Self-Made Hero, A" | A Self-Made Hero — The Girl — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Game for Two, A" | A Game for Two — Mrs. Henderson — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Call of the Circus, The" | The Call of the Circus — Lost film • 1910 — Old Heads and Young Hearts — Lost film • 1910 — Bear Ye One Another's Burden — Mrs. George Rand — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Irony of Fate, The" | The Irony of Fate — Lost film • 1910 — Once Upon a Time — Lost film • 1910 — Among the Roses — The Rose Girl — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Senator's Double, The" | The Senator's Double — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Taming of Jane, The" | The Taming of Jane — Jane — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Widow, The" | The Widow — The Widow — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Right Girl, The" | The Right Girl — Lost film • 1910 — Debt — Lost film • 1910 — Pressed Roses — Lost film • 1910 — All the World's a Stage — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Count of Montebello, The" | The Count of Montebello — The Heiress — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Call, The" | The Call — Lost film • 1910 — data-sort-value="Mistake, The" | The Mistake — Lost film • 1911 — His Bogus Uncle — The Object of Their Affection — Lost film • 1911 — Age Versus Youth — Nora Blake — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Show Girl's Stratagem, A" | A Show Girl's Stratagem — Ethel Lane — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Test, The" | The Test — Miss Gillman — Lost film • 1911 — Nan's Diplomacy — Nan — Lost film • 1911 — Vanity and Its Cure — Effie Hart — Lost film • 1911 — His Friend, the Burglar — Mrs. Tom Dayton – The Wife — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Actress and the Singer, The" | The Actress and the Singer — The Actress — Lost film • 1911 — Her Artistic Temperament — Flo — Lost film • 1911 — Her Child's Honor — The Mother — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Wife's Awakening, The" | The Wife's Awakening — The Wife — Lost film • 1911 — Opportunity and the Man — Flora Hamilton — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Two Fathers, The" | The Two Fathers — Gladys — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Hoyden, The" | The Hoyden — Gladys Weston — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Sheriff and the Man, The" | The Sheriff and the Man — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Fascinating Bachelor, A" | A Fascinating Bachelor — The Nurse — Lost film • 1911 — That Awful Brother — Florence — Lost film • 1911 — Her Humble Ministry — The Reformed Woman — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Good Turn, A" | A Good Turn — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="State Line, The" | The State Line — The Sheriff's Daughter — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Game of Deception, A" | A Game of Deception — The Actress — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Professor's Ward, The" | The Professor's Ward — Edith – The Professor's Ward — Lost film • 1911 — Duke De Ribbon Counter — Lillian De Mille — Lost film • 1911 — Higgenses Versus Judsons — Freda Judson — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Little Rebel, The" | The Little Rebel — Rosalind Trevaine — Lost film • 1911 — Always a Way — Ruth Craven — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Snare of Society, The" | The Snare of Society — Mary Williams — Lost film • 1911 — During Cherry Time — Violet – the Country Girl — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Gypsy, The" | The Gypsy — Zara – the Gypsy — Lost film • 1911 — Her Two Sons — The Younger Brother's Wife — Lost film • 1911 — Through Jealous Eyes — Flo – the Doctor's Office Nurse — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Rebellious Blossom, A" | A Rebellious Blossom — Flo = the Rebellious Daughter — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Secret, The" | The Secret — Diana Stanhope — Lost film • 1911 — Romance of Pond Cove — Florence Earle — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Story of Rosie's Rose, The" | The Story of Rosie's Rose — Rosie Carter — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Life Saver, The" | The Life Saver — Jessie Storm – the Local Girl — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Matchmaker, The" | The Matchmaker — Evelyn Bruce – the Young Governess — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Slavey's Affinity, The" | The Slavey's Affinity — Peggy – a Boarding House Drudge — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Maniac, The" | The Maniac — Dora Elsmore — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Rural Conqueror, A" | A Rural Conqueror — Marjorie Thorne — Lost film • 1911 — One on Reno — Mrs. Appleby — Lost film • 1911 — Aunt Jane's Legacy — Bessie Elkins – the Niece — Lost film • 1911 — His Chorus Girl Wife — Sybil Sanford – a Chorus Girl — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Blind Deception, A" | A Blind Deception — Ellen Austin – the Nurse — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Head for Business, A" | A Head for Business — Phyllis Moore — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="Girlish Impulse, A" | A Girlish Impulse — Gladys Stevens — Lost film • 1911 — Art Versus Music — Ethel Vernon — Lost film • 1911 — data-sort-value="American Girl, The" | The American Girl — Lost film • 1912 — data-sort-value="Village Romance, A" | A Village Romance — Flo – the Country Girl — Lost film • 1912 — data-sort-value="Players, The" | The Players — Flo Lakewood — Lost film • 1912 — Not Like Other Girls — Flo — Lost film • 1912 — Taking a Chance — Mrs. Flo Mills — Lost film • 1912 — data-sort-value="Mill Buyers, The" | The Mill Buyers — Flo — Lost film • 1912 — data-sort-value="Chance Shot, The" | The Chance Shot — Flo — Lost film • 1912 — Her Cousin Fred — Flo Ballard — Lost film • 1912 — data-sort-value="Winning Punch, The" | The Winning Punch — Nellie Wilson — Lost film • 1912 — After All — Margie — Lost film • 1912 — All for Love — Flo — Lost film • 1912 — Flo's Discipline — Florence Dow • 1912 — data-sort-value="Advent of Jane, The" | The Advent of Jane — Dr. Jane Bixby — Lost film • 1912 — Tangled Relations — Florence the Governess — Lost film • 1912 — Betty's Nightmare — Betty — Lost film • 1912 — data-sort-value="Cross-Roads, The" | The Cross-Roads — Annabel Spaulding • 1912 — data-sort-value="Angel of the Studio, The" | The Angel of the Studio — Roxie — Lost film • 1912 — data-sort-value="Redemption of Riverton, The" | The Redemption of Riverton — June Martin — Lost film • 1912 — Sisters — Annie / Mary (twin sisters) — Lost film • 1912 — data-sort-value="Lady Leone, The" | The Lady Leone — Lady Leone Mervyn — Lost film • 1912 — data-sort-value="Surgeon's Heroism, A" | A Surgeon's Heroism — Lost film • 1913 — data-sort-value="Closed Door, The" | The Closed Door — Florence Ashleigh — Lost film • 1913 — data-sort-value="Girl o'the Woods, The" | The Girl o'the Woods — Mab Hawkins — Lost film • 1913 — data-sort-value="Spender, The" | The Spender — Flo — Lost film • 1913 — His Wife's Child — Flo — Lost film • 1913 — Unto the Third Generation — Esther Stern — Lost film • 1913 — data-sort-value="Influence of Sympathy, The" | The Influence of Sympathy — The Wife — Lost film • 1913 — data-sort-value="Girl and Her Money, A" | A Girl and Her Money — Florence Kingsley — Lost film • 1913 — Suffragette's Parade in Washington — Lost film • 1913 — data-sort-value="Counterfeiter, The" | The Counterfeiter • 1914 — data-sort-value="Coryphee, The" | The Coryphee — Florence — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Romance of a Photograph, The" | The Romance of a Photograph — Flo — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="False Bride, The" | The False Bride — Florence Gould & Amy St. Clair (Dual Role) — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Law's Decree, The" | The Law's Decree — Flo — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Stepmother, The" | The Stepmother — Flo — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Honeymooners, The" | The Honeymooners — Florence Blair — Lost film • 1914 — Diplomatic Flo — Flo — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Little Mail Carrier, The" | The Little Mail Carrier — Flo – the Little Mail Carrier — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Pawns of Destiny, The" | The Pawns of Destiny — Flo — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Bribe, The" | The Bribe — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Disenchantment, A" | A Disenchantment — Flo – the Maid — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Doctor's Testimony, The" | The Doctor's Testimony — Florence Lund — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Singular Cynic, A" | A Singular Cynic — Flo Welton — Lost film • 1914 — Her Ragged Knight — Flo – Bob's Ward — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Mad Man's Ward, The" | The Mad Man's Ward — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Honor of the Humble, The" | The Honor of the Humble — Flo Soule – The Gamekeeper's Daughter — Lost film • 1914 — Counterfeiters — Flo — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Mysterious Mystery, A" | A Mysterious Mystery — Miss Lawrence — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Woman Who Won, The" | The Woman Who Won — Florence Lloyd — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Great Universal Mystery, The" | The Great Universal Mystery — Herself — Lost film • 1917 — Face on the Screen — Lost film • 1918 — data-sort-value="Love Craze, The" | The Love Craze — Lost film
Features
Features
• Year — Title — Role — Notes • 1908 — data-sort-value="Red Girl, The" | The Red Girl — The Red Girl — Lost film • 1914 — data-sort-value="Singular Sinner, A" | A Singular Sinner — Lost film • 1916 — Elusive Isabel — Isabel Thorne — Lost film • 1922 — data-sort-value="Unfoldment, The" | The Unfoldment — Katherine Nevin — Lost film • 1923 — data-sort-value="Satin Girl, The" | The Satin Girl — Sylvia — Lost film • 1923 — Lucretia Lombard • 1924 — Gambling Wives — Polly Barker — Lost film • 1926 — data-sort-value="Johnstown Flood, The" | The Johnstown Flood — Townswoman — Uncredited • 1926 — data-sort-value="Greater Glory, The" | The Greater Glory — Woman — Uncredited Lost film • 1930 — Sweeping Against the Winds • 1931 — Homicide Squad • 1931 — Pleasure — Martha • 1931 — data-sort-value="Hard Hombre, The" | The Hard Hombre — The Sister — Uncredited • 1932 — So Big — Mina — Uncredited • 1932 — Sinners in the Sun — Minor role — Uncredited • 1933 — Secrets — Minor role — Uncredited • 1933 — data-sort-value="Silk Express, The" | The Silk Express — Minor role — Uncredited • 1934 — data-sort-value="Old Fashioned Way, The" | The Old Fashioned Way — Minor role — Uncredited • 1935 — Man on the Flying Trapeze — Minor role — Uncredited • 1935 — data-sort-value="Crusades, The" | The Crusades — Minor role — Uncredited • 1936 — Yellow Dust — Minor role — Uncredited • 1936 — One Rainy Afternoon — Minor role — Uncredited • 1936 — Hollywood Boulevard — Minor role — Scenes deleted • 1937 — Night Must Fall — Minor role — Uncredited
Identity and origins
Identity and origins
The authorities additionally record the headings Florence Annie Bridgwood and "Flo" Lawrence. Her recorded language was English. She married Harry Solter.
Life and career
Dated record
Life and career
The full dated record · 1 entries
1938
Florence Lawrence died at Beverly Hills.
Places
Named by the record
Places
Only places the record itself states, plotted where the house gazetteer settles their coordinates. Nothing is inferred from a name or a nationality.
Hamilton.
Birth place
Beverly Hills.
Death place
Victor Film Company
• Illustration — Scene of Lawrence (far right) in 1912 Victor production After All; other cast are (from left) Owen Moore, Victory Bateman on step, and Gladden James. In 1912, Lawrence and Solter made a deal with Carl Laemmle, forming their own company. Laemmle gave them complete artistic freedom in the company, named Victor Film Company, and paid Lawrence $500 per week as the leading lady, and Solter $200 per week as director. They established a film studio in Fort Lee, New Jersey and made a number of films starring Lawrence and Owen Moore, then sold to Universal Pictures in 1913. With this new prosperity, Florence was able to realize a 'lifelong dream,' buying a 50 acre estate in River Vale, New Jersey. In August 1912, she had a fight with her husband, in which he "made cruel remarks about his mother-in-law". He left and went to Europe. However, he wrote "sad" letters to her every day, telling her of his plans to commit suicide. His letters "softened her feelings", and they were re-united in November 1912. Lawrence announced her intention to retire. • Illustration — Owen Moore talks to Florence Lawrence in the silent drama, The Redemption of Riverton (1912) She was persuaded to return to work in 1914 for her company (Victor Film Company), which had been acquired by Universal Studios. During the filming of Pawns of Destiny in 1915, a staged fire got out of control. Lawrence was burned, her hair was singed, and she suffered a serious fall which fractured her spine. She went into shock for months. She returned to work, but collapsed after the film was completed. To add to her problems, Universal refused to pay her medical expenses, leaving Lawrence feeling betrayed. In mid-1916, she returned to work for Universal and completed Elusive Isabel. However, the strain of working took its toll on her, and she suffered a serious relapse. She was completely paralyzed for four months. In 1921, she traveled to Hollywood to attempt a comeback, but had little success. She received a leading role in a minor melodrama (The Unfoldment), and then two supporting roles. All her film work after 1924 was in uncredited bit parts.
Cultural references
Cultural references
In William J. Mann's novel The Biograph Girl (2000), Mann blends the facts of Lawrence's life with fiction. Instead of fading into oblivion and committing suicide, Lawrence, with the help of a doctor, fools the public into thinking she committed suicide. A journalist discovers Lawrence at the nursing home where she has lived secretly, and he decides to write a biography of her.
Notes from the source article
Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.William Goldman, Adventures in the Screen Trade, Warner Books 1984 p.6.
- 2.Hutchinson, Pamela. Fame at last – was this the world's first film star?. The Guardian. November 22, 2019.
- 3.Mosse, Kate. Feminist History for Every Day of the Year: 366 incredible women, from Boudica to Taylor Swift. Pan Macmillan. 16. 2025-09-18. 978-1-5290-6623-4.
- 4.Former Film Star Dies: Florence Lawrence, Who Is Known as 'Biograph Girl', Takes Poison. The Reading Eagle. 11. December 29, 1983.
- 5.Basinger, Jeanine. Silent Stars. Alfred A. Knopf. 7. 1999. 0-679-43840-8.
- 6.Florence Lawrence and Florence Turner of Vitagraph were publicized by name by their studios to the general public in March 1910, making them the first true "movie stars". Eileen Bowser, The Transformation of Cinema, 1907–1915, University of California Press, 1994, pp. 112–13; .
- 7.Florence Lawrence , Women Film Pioneers Project; accessed September 23, 2015. "Florence Lawrence intended her last Victor photoplay to be her second two-reel film The Lady Leone (1912), and after its completion, she and Solter retired to their home in River Vale, New Jersey."
- 8.PHS Answer Girl & Curator , Pascack Historical Society; accessed September 23, 2015; "Florence Lawrence was America's first movie star according to movie historians. She lived at 565 Rivervale Road in River Vale from 1913 through 1916."
- 9.Gross, Jessica. Who Made That?: Who Made That Turn Signal?. The New York Times Magazine. July 14, 2013.
- 10.Paul, John. Florence Lawrence: Automotive Inventor and the 'World's First Movie Star'. Historic Vehicle Association. March 23, 2016.
- 11.Forster, Merna. 100 More Canadian Heroines: Famous and Forgotten Faces. Dundurn. 221. 2011. 978-1-459-70085-7.
- 12.Silent Film Stars Drinks Poison, Dies. St. Petersburg Times. 1. December 29, 1938.
- 13.Florence Lawrence Wins Divorce Decree. The Pittsburg Press. 25. February 12, 1931.
- 14."Divorced Pair to Continue as Partners", Los Angeles Times, February 12, 1931, p. A1.
- 15.Eyman, Scott. Lion of Hollywood: The Life and Legend of Louis B. Mayer. Simon & Schuster. 335. 2008. 978-1-439-10791-1.
- 16.Florence Lawrence – Women Film Pioneers Project. wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu.
- 17.Florence Lawrence, Star of Silent Films, Suicide. The Lewiston Daily Sun. 7. December 29, 1938.
- 18.Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons. McFarland & Company. 429. 2016. 978-0-7864-7992-4.
- 19.Margaret Heidenry (2018) "Introducing Florence Lawrence, Hollywood's Forgotten First Movie Star" Vanity Fair, May 25, 2018. Accessed February 23, 2021.
- 20.The Biograph Girl. publishersweekly.com. May 29, 2000.
Bibliography printed in the source article · 2
- Bailey, Thomas Melville. Dictionary of Hamilton Biography. W.L. Griffin Ltd. III, 1925–1939. 106–108. 1992.
- Brown, Kelly R. Florence Lawrence, the Biograph Girl: America's First Movie Star. McFarland. 1999. 0-786-43089-3.
References
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The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 14 August 2026.
Elsewhere in Film memorabilia
38,556 published records in this field, each with its sources named.
- Florence GilbertPerson
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- Florence LakePerson
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- Florence NashPerson
- Florence QuentinPerson
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