Esphyr Slobodkina

Esphyr Slobodkina studied at National Academy of Design. The recorded working language is English and Russian. Places of work recorded in the authority are United States. Works named in the authority record are Caps for Sale. Work by Esphyr Slobodkina is recorded in the collections of Museum of Modern Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Philadelphia Museum of Art and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.

• Name — Esphyr Slobodkina • Pen Name — Phyra Slobodkina • Born — 22 September 1908 • Birthplace — Chelyabinsk, Russia • Died — 21 July 2002 • Place of death — Glen Head, New York, U.S. • Occupation — Artist, author • Citizenship — American (naturalized) • Education — National Academy of Design • Genre — Children's literature • Movement — abstraction • Notable Works — Caps for Sale • Spouse — Ilya Bolotowsky (m. 1933–1938) William Urquhart (m. 1960–1963) • Awards — Lewis Carroll Shelf Award, 1958

Esphyr Slobodkina (ESS-phere sloh-BOD-kee-nah) was born in Chelyabinsk, Russian Empire in 1908. The Russian Revolution of 1917 created an unstable and dangerous climate for their Jewish family and she emigrated with her family to Harbin, Manchuria (China), where she studied art and architecture. Slobodkina immigrated to the United States in 1928. She enrolled at the National Academy of Design. It was there that she met her future husband, Russian-born Ilya Bolotowsky (they divorced in 1938). Along with Ilya, Slobodkina was a founding member of the American Abstract Artists group, which began amid controversy in 1936. Like other Russian modernists, surrounded by ancient icons and a rich craft tradition, Slobodkina developed a lifelong appreciation of clear, rich colors, and flat, stylized forms. According to her biography on the HarperCollins website, • Illustration — Front cover of Caps for Sale, 1940 In the late 1930s, Slobodkina began to write and illustrate her own children's books. Among her 24 published works, Caps for Sale (1940) is considered a children's book classic; it has sold more than 7.5 million copies and has been translated into more than a dozen languages. Caps for Sale won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958. Her other children's works include The Wonderful Feast (written in 1928, first published in 1955), The Clock (1956), The Long Island Ducklings (1961), and Pezzo the Peddler and the Circus Elephant (1967), reissued as Circus Caps for Sale (2002). In 1948, feeling the need to get out of New York City and having saved some money, Slobodkina built a house in Great Neck, New York and moved there with her mother; they remained in the house until 1977. According to the Sullivan Goss art gallery website, Slobodkina died in 2002.

Through the 1930s, Slobodkina developed her unique method of working in oils; a flattened, abstracted style that incorporated line, suspended or interlocking forms. But by the late 30s and 40s, Slobodkina was using a variety of techniques and materials. Many of her works were collages and constructions, integrating paint, wood, plastic, and metal with everyday objects such as parts of disassembled typewriters and computers into amusing and often great art. Slobodkina's work eventually received high acclaim. In 1943, Slobodkina was included in Peggy Guggenheim's show Exhibition by 31 Women at the Art of This Century gallery in New York. “Her life’s work pulled imagery and objects together into magnificent compositions time and time again," stated Harold Porcher, an authority on Slobodkina's art. "I equate an artist like Esphyr to the American mockingbird. A mockingbird borrows and embellishes the songs of other birds around him. Often he changes the phrasing as he incorporates each element into an orchestration of birdsong. The abstract expressionist movement shifted the center of the art world from Paris to New York City, where it remains today. Slobodkina was a member of the early founders of American Abstract Artists which help to establish abstraction as a viable form of expression in America. In the last years of the 20th century, Slobodkina continued her productivity, alternating serious work on abstract paintings with the more relaxing activities — to her — of creating sculpture, wall hangings, multimedia constructions, dolls and jewelry, often made out of old typewriter and computer parts. As Anne Cohen DePietro wrote, "Traversing nearly a century of inspiration, it is Slobodkina’s enduring delight in the creative act and her single-minded pursuit of her aesthetic vision in a multiplicity of media that continues to enchant."

Variation in Black and White No. Recorded as writer, painter, sculptor, printmaker and artist.

• Esphyr Slobodkina, Notes for a Biographer, a three-volume, limited edition autobiography. • Gail Stavitsky and Elizabeth Wylie, The Life and Art of Esphyr Slobodkina, Tufts Univ Art Gallery (1992),. • Ann Marie Sayer et al., Rediscovering Slobodkina: A Pioneer of American Abstraction, Hudson Hills Press (2009),. • JoAnn Conrad, Esphyr Slobodkina – Modernist (Children’s Book) Illustrator/Author, https: blogs.lib.uconn.edu/archives/2015/09/29/esphyr-slobodkina-modernist-childrens-book-illustratorauthor/