Edward Tufte

Edward Tufte studied at Beverly Hills High School, Yale University and Stanford University. Training under Robert A. Dahl is recorded. The recorded working language is English. Employment is recorded with Yale University. Distinctions recorded are Guggenheim Fellowship, Fellow of the American Statistical Association and AIGA Medal.

• Name — Edward Tufte • Born — 14 March 1942 • Birthplace — Kansas City, Missouri • Education — Stanford University (BS, MS) Yale University (PhD) • Occupation — Professor, statistician, writer, sculptor • Notable Works — * Visual Explanations, • Beautiful Evidence, • Envisioning information, • The Visual Display of Quantitative Information[9]

Edward Rolf Tufte was born in 1942 in Kansas City, Missouri, to Virginia Tufte (1918–2020) and Edward E. Tufte (1912–1999). He grew up in Beverly Hills, California, where his father was a longtime city official. He graduated from the public Beverly Hills High School.[6] Tufte received a BS and a MS in statistics from Stanford University, and a Doctor of Philosophy in political science from Yale University. His dissertation was completed in 1968 and titled The Civil Rights Movement and Its Opposition.[7]

Tufte was hired in 1967 by the Woodrow Wilson School of Princeton University as a lecturer in politics and public affairs, where he steadily moved up to the rank of full Professor in 1972.[8] He taught courses there in political economy and data analysis while publishing three quantitatively inclined political science books. In 1975, while at Princeton, Tufte was asked to teach a statistics course to a group of journalists who were visiting the school to study economics. He developed a set of readings and lectures on statistical graphics, which he further developed in joint seminars he taught with renowned statistician John Tukey, a pioneer in the field of information design. These course materials became the foundation for Tufte's first book on information design, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. In 1977, Tufte left Princeton University for Yale University, where he accepted an appointment as Professor of Political Science, Statistics, and Computer Science, as well as a Senior Critic at the Yale School of Art.[10] After negotiations with major publishers failed, Tufte decided to self-publish the book The Visual Display of Quantitative Information in 1982, working closely with graphic designer Howard Gralla. Tufte financed the work by taking out a second mortgage on his home. The book quickly became a commercial success and secured Tufte's transition from political scientist to information expert. In 1999, after 22 years of service at Yale University, his professorship at Yale was made Emeritus. On March 5, 2010, President Barack Obama appointed Tufte to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act's Recovery Independent Advisory Panel "to provide transparency in the use of Recovery-related funds".[11]

Tufte is an expert in the presentation of infographics such as charts and diagrams, and is a fellow of the American Statistical Association. He has held fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences.

Tufte's writing is important in such fields as information design and visual literacy, which deal with the visual communication of information. He coined the word chartjunk to refer to useless, non-informative, or information-obscuring elements of quantitative information displays. Tufte's other key concepts include what he calls the lie factor, the data-ink ratio, and the data density of a graphic.[13] Tufte uses the term "data-ink ratio" to argue against using excessive decoration in visual displays of quantitative information.[14] In Visual Display, Tufte explains, "Sometimes decoration can help editorialize about the substance of the graphic. But it is wrong to distort the data measures—the ink locating values of numbers—in order to make an editorial comment or fit a decorative scheme." Tufte encourages the use of data-rich illustrations that present all available data. When such illustrations are examined closely, every data point has a value, but when they are looked at more generally, only trends and patterns can be observed. Tufte suggests these macro/micro readings be presented in the space of an eye-span, in the high resolution format of the printed page, and at the unhurried pace of the viewer's leisure. Tufte uses several historical examples to make his case. These include John Snow's cholera outbreak map, Charles Joseph Minard's Carte Figurative, early space debris plots, Galileo Galilei's Sidereus Nuncius, and Maya Lin's Vietnam Veterans Memorial. For instance, the listing of the names of deceased soldiers on the black granite of Lin's sculptural memorial is shown to be more powerful as a chronological list rather than as an alphabetical one. The sacrifice each fallen individual has made is thus highlighted within the overall time scope of the war. In Sidereus Nuncius, Galileo presents the nightly observations of the moons of Jupiter in relation to the body itself, interwoven with the two-month narrative record.[15]

One method Tufte encourages to allow quick visual comparison of multiple series is the small multiple, a chart with many series shown on a single pair of axes that can often be easier to read when displayed as several separate pairs of axes placed next to each other. He suggests this is particularly helpful when the series are measured on quite different vertical (y-axis) scales, but over the same range on the horizontal x-axis (usually time).

Sparklines are a condensed way to present trends and variation, associated with a measurement such as average temperature or stock market activity, often embedded directly in the text; for example: The Dow Jones index for February 7, 2006. These are often used as elements of a small multiple with several lines used together. Tufte explains the sparkline as a kind of "word" that conveys rich information without breaking the flow of a sentence or paragraph made of other "words" both visual and conventional. To date, the earliest known implementation of sparklines was conceived by interaction designer Peter Zelchenko and implemented by programmer Mike Medved in early 1998.[20]

Hogpen Hill Farms, the 234 acre Tufte sculpture garden in Woodbury, Connecticut, is open to the public on summer weekends.[23]

In 2010, Edward Tufte opened a gallery, ET Modern, in New York City's Chelsea Art District at 11th Avenue and 20th Street.[24] The gallery closed in 2013.[25]

* * •. * * * • Edward R. Tufte reviewed work: •. * •. •. * * * * * * •. * • Edward R. Tufte reviewed work: • Edward R. Tufte reviewed work: * • Edward R. Tufte reviewed work: •. * *

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•. •. •. Unavailable 19 Feb. 2020.

The authorities additionally record the headings Edward R. Tufte, Edward Rolfe Tufte and Edward Rolf Tufte. His recorded language was English. He was the child of Virginia Tufte.

Edward Tufte is recorded as statistician, sculptor, university teacher, computer scientist and writer.