Dux Factory
Dux (Zavod "Duks") was a bicycle/automobile/aircraft factory in Moscow, Russia before and during World War I. The factory was founded in 1893. The name comes from the Latin word la (leader). Julius Möller (also written Juli Meller) was owner of the factory, which was primarily focused on the building of French aircraft designs.
Dux Factory

DKP64 · CC BY-SA 4.0
- Name
- PAO Dux
- Founded
- Dux Factory was established or created on 1 January 1900.
- Headquarters
- Dux Factory has its headquarters at Moscow.
- Activity
- Dux Factory operates in mechanical engineering.
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Documentary summary
Dux (Zavod "Duks") was a bicycle/automobile/aircraft factory in Moscow, Russia before and during World War I. The factory was founded in 1893. The name comes from the Latin word la (leader). Julius Möller (also written Juli Meller) was owner of the factory, which was primarily focused on the building of French aircraft designs.
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Note VALÉORINE
Dux Factory was founded in 1900, with headquarters in Moscow. It received Order of the October Revolution and Order of the Red Star.
Composed from admitted, traceable facts · 26 September 2026
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Authority files
wikidata · Q726141 · wikipedia · Dux Factory
In this article
Key facts
Key facts
• Name — PAO Dux • Type — AO • Fate — Nationalized, later reinstated as a private company • Founded — 1893 • Hq Location City — Moscow • Hq Location Country — Russia • Key People — Julius Meller, Mukhtar Mejidov • Industry — Aerospace • Products — Aircraft components, Missiles, Military aircraft • Illustration — Original Dux logo. Below is written - Bicycles, Motoreves, Railcars, Airplanes
Plant #1
Plant #1
The factory was established in Moscow in 1893 as a bicycle production plant. Production shifted to aircraft manufacturing in 1910. During World War I Dux produced Morane-Saulnier G, Voisin L, Voisin LAS, Nieuport 17, Nieuport 24, Farman family of aircraft including models IV, VII, XVI, and XXX, as well as a large number of military bicycles. After the October Revolution. the plant was named "Aircraft Plant #1 named after OSOAVIAKHIM" or "GAZ No. 1" (In this context, GAZ stands for Gosudarstvenny Aviatsionny Zavod, State Aircraft Plant). Farmans and Nieuports were left in production. In 1923 a design bureau was established at the plant, headed by Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov; this would later become known as the Polikarpov Design Bureau. Production models included I-5, I-15, I-15bis, I-153, I-16, R-5, and R-Zet aircraft. Polikarpov also built Airco DH.9A (which later became Polikarpov R-1/Polikarpov R-2) and Airco DH.4 during the 1920s and 1930s. Plant #1 produced the MiG-3 before evacuation in October 1941. Plant #1 was evacuated to Samara in 1941, becoming the Kuibyshev Aviation Plant. In 1958 it shifted its production to rockets, and became known as the Samara Progress plant.
Plant #30
Plant #30
Plant #30 was established in 1939 in Dubna. In December 1941 it was relocated to the former site of Plant #1, where it manufactured the Ilyushin Il-2. In 1950 it merged with Plant #381, to produce the Il-28 in larger volumes. In 1953 Lukhovitsy Machine Building Plant was established as a subsidiary of the plant. Plant #30 became known as the Znamya Truda Machine-Building Plant in 1965, and as the Moscow Aircraft Production Organisation in 1973. The MiG-29 was put in production. Civil programs include MiG-AT, T-101, T-411, and Aviatika MAI-890 aircraft. After this, the following aircraft were produced: Su-9, Yak-25, Il-14, Il-18 with modifications, MiG-21, and MiG-23.
Plant #32
Plant #32
Plant #32 was established in 1932, when it was separated from Plant #1. In 1941 it was evacuated to Kirov, becoming the Kirov Machine-Building Plant in 1960 and the Vyatka Machine Building Enterprise AVITEK in the 1990s.
Plant #39
Plant #39
Plant #39 produced the DB-3F before evacuation in October 1941. Plant #39 was moved to Irkutsk in 1941, where it was merged with the Irkutsk Machine-Building Plant, ultimately establishing the Irkutsk Aviation Plant.
Plant #43
Plant #43
Plant #43 was established in 1893. Between 1963 and 1992 it was known as the Moscow Kommunar Machine-Building Plant. It focuses on air-to-air missile production and some aircraft sub-components. In 1992 it became the Open Joint Stock Company Dux.
Plant #381
Plant #381
Plant #381 produced the Lavochkin La-5 and later the La-7. Plant #381 also produced the Il-12, a small series of I-250, and the first 75 MiG-15s. In 1950 it was merged into Plant #30.
Aircraft
Aircraft
The majority of types built by Dux were French and other Western aircraft designs. The first aircraft made was a licensed Farman IV with an ENV engine, which made its first flight on 18 August 1910. From there, in addition to copies, some improvements were designed for existing models. The first of these was a Farman VII in 1912 with some improvements that were put into production. A more ambitious project was the Dux Meller I which combined a Bleriot main fuselage with a Farman XV nacelle added, all driven by a 100 hp Gnome-Rhone in pusher configuration. A modified Farman XVI was later produced under the name Dux Meller II and flown in 1913. The following Dux Meller III was a failed attempt to produce a single-engine twin-propeller chain-driven monoplane. Further work went into the Dux No 2 but this was also a failure. Summary of aircraft built by Dux • Model name — First flight — Number built — Type • Dux Meller I • Dux Meller II — 1913 • Dux Meller III • Dux No 2

GAZ N1 "Duks" factory.
фото: Корвин-Кербер В. Л. (1894—1970) · Корвин-Кербер В. Л. · Собственный архив участника GtorgeK

Данное изображение было использовано в статье « Аэростат » опубликованной в третьем томе « Военной энциклопедии », который был издан книгоиздательским товариществом Ивана Дмитриевича Сытина в 1911 году в столице Российской империи городе Санкт-Петербурге.
« Военная энциклопедия И. Д. Сытина ». Том 3 (Санкт-Петербург
Institutional history
Dated record
Institutional history
Explore 1900
The full dated record · 3 entries
1900
Dux Factory established.
1900
Dux Factory is recorded from 1900.
1900
Dux Factory was established or created on 1 January 1900.
Places
Named by the record
Places
Only places the record itself states, plotted where the house gazetteer settles their coordinates. Nothing is inferred from a name or a nationality.
Dux Factory is situated in Russia.
Country
Dux Factory is associated with Russia.
Country
Context
Primary material
Context
The circumstances in which Dux Factory stands. Recorded as historical motorcycle manufacturer. Established or created on 1 January 1900. Factory operates in mechanical engineering. Factory has its headquarters at Moscow. Founded by Julius Meller. Situated in Russia.
Documents and archives
Primary material
Documents and archives
reference work
- “Dux Factory”, English Wikipedia, consulted as further reading
Reputable secondary · Wikipedia
authority record
- Wikidata, structured authority record Q726141: Dux Factory
Unverified · Wikidata
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reference work
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The Encyclopedia exists whether or not anything is for sale. Corrections are recorded rather than overwritten, and every version of this record is kept. Published 14 August 2026.
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