Duke Peter of Oldenburg

He was also noted composer of music. In 1857, he composed the music for Marius Petipa's ballet La Rose, la Violette et le Papillon. The Pas d'Esclave from the ballet Le Corsaire, which is taken from his score for this work, is still heard in theatres all over the world.

The recorded working language is German. Positions recorded include member of the State Council of the Russian Empire. Works named in the authority record are La Rose, la violette et le papillon. Distinctions recorded are Royal Order of the Seraphim, Order of Saint Anna, 1st class, Order of the White Eagle and Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st class.

• Name — Peter • Title — Duke of Oldenburg • Birthplace — Yaroslavl, Russia • Died — (aged 68) • Place of death — Saint Petersburg, Russia • Burial Place — Maritime Monastery of St. Sergius • Father — Duke George of Oldenburg • Mother — Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia • Issue — Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna of Russia Duke Nicholas Duchess Cecile Duke Alexander Duchess Catherine Duke George Duke Constantine Therese, Princess Therese Petrovna Romanovskaya • House — Holstein-Gottorp • Religion — Lutheranism

Duke Peter was born on 26 August 1812 in Yaroslavl, Russia. His father, Duke George, who was only the second son of the reigning Duke of Oldenburg, had no prospects of inherited his father's state or fortune of his own and was living in Russia since his marriage in 1809 to Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia. Duke George, who had been appointed governor on the Volga, died six months after Peter, his second, was born. Peter's mother Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna was the favorite sister of Tsar Alexander I of Russia who took his two nephews, Peter and his older brother Alexander, under his protection. The brothers lived in Russia until his mother married King William I of Württemberg in 1816. They moved to Württemberg and were educated in Stuttgart. At the death of his mother, less than three years later, Peter and his brother were sent to their grandfather in Oldenburg. Being in direct line of succession to the throne of Oldenburg, as their uncle the hereditary Grand Duke Augustus was unmarried at the time, both boys were given the same extensive education by their grandfather Duke Peter as he had given his own sons and were regularly sent on instructive trips around Germany to broaden their education. In May 1829 his grandfather died and after the death of his brother Alexander in November of the same year, Peter's maternal uncle, Tsar Nicholas I of Russia sent for Peter, and named him a colonel in the Lifeguards. He quickly rose through the ranks and was subsequently appointed lieutenant general. After four years service he retired, and became active in St. Petersburg government. In 1834 he was made a Russian senator, and it was from that time that his name began to be known as a great philanthropist, devoting his energies primarily to education. He founded the Imperial School of Jurisprudence, at which Russia's future judges and administrators were educated, and in 1844 he was appointed head of an organization to further the education of women. Peter of Oldenburg was also a scholar, speaking eight languages. As honorary president of the Tsarina Maria Trust, he also played a leading role in overseeing the development of hospitals in Russia, one of which in St Petersburg was called the Prince Peter of Oldenburg Children Hospital. He also made substantial donation to school building programs in Oldenburg, his country of origin.

On 23 April 1837 Duke Peter married Therese Wilhelmine Friederikke, Princess of Nassau-Weilburg in Biebrich. This was a happy marriage that lasted for more than thirty years. They had eight children, three of them died early. A daughter Cecilie died in childhood in 1843 and another daughter, Catherine and a son George died from tuberculosis in 1866 and 1871 respectively. Duke Peter and his wife led an exemplary family life, and looked carefully after the education of their children. The family spent the winter months in Peterhof and moved for the summer to their other residence Kamenoi-Ostroff.

Duke Peter was a talented pianist and composer, and in 1842 he composed his first major piano concerto. In 1844 his second piano concerto was performed for the first time at the Mikhailovsky Palace by the great pianist Clara Schumann, and conducted by his longtime friend and colleague Adolf von Henselt. As with most Russian nobility, Duke Peter was a longtime balletomane and patron of the arts. In 1857 he was commissioned to compose the score for Marius Petipa's ballet-divertissement La Rose, la Violette et le Papillon, which was given as a performance for the royal court at the Imperial Theatre of Tsarskoe Selo. In 1858 Petipa extracted a Pas de Deux from the Duke's score and added it to his revival of the ballet Le Corsaire, renaming the piece the Pas d'Esclave. It is the only composition of Duke Peter's still heard today in the theater. Many of Duke Peter's compositions were used as educational tools by the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. The composer and teacher Adolf von Henselt, a close friend of the Duke's, expanded on many of his compositions in order to utilize them for instructional purposes.

Peter spent fifty years in Russia's service, for which he was widely respected and was thanked by a massive celebration in St Petersburg in 1880 attended by his first cousin Tsar Alexander II of Russia and most of the Imperial family, his cousin Grand Duke Nicholas of Oldenburg and representatives of the many organizations with which the Duke was connected. He was close to Tsar Alexander II and took his assassination in March 1881 very badly and died two months later on 14 May 1881 in St. Petersburg.

• Name — Portrait — Birth — Death — Notes • Alexandra — — 2 June 1838 — 13 April 1900 — Married in 1856 to Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia; Had issue. • Nicholas of Oldenburg — — 9 May 1840 — 20 January 1886 — Married morganatically in 1863 Maria Bulazel, Countess von Osternburg; Had issue. • Cecile — 27 February 1842 — 11 January 1843 — Died in infancy. • Alexander — — 2 June 1844 — 6 September 1932 — Head of the Russian branch of the House of Oldenburg. Married in 1868 to Princess Eugenia Maximilianovna of Leuchtenberg; Had issue. • Catherine — — 21 September 1846 — 23 June 1866 — Died unmarried. • George — 17 April 1848 — 17 March 1871 — Died unmarried. • Constantin — — 27 April 1850 — 18 March 1906 — Married morganatically in 1882 to Agrippina Japaridze; Had issue. • Therese — — 30 March 1852 — 18 April 1883 — Married in 1879 to George Maximilianovich, 6th Duke of Leuchtenberg; Had issue.

The authorities additionally record the headings Konstantin Friedrich Peter Georgievich, Prince Pyotr of Oldenburg and Duke Constantine Frederick Peter of Oldenburg. His recorded language was German. He was the child of Duke George of Oldenburg and Catherine Pavlovna of Russia. He married Princess Therese of Nassau. 4 children are recorded: Duchess Alexandra of Oldenburg, Duke Nikolaus of Oldenburg, Marie Friederike Cäcilie of Oldenburg and Duke Alexander Petrovich of Oldenburg.

Recorded position is member of the State Council of the Russian Empire. He belonged to Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences and Free Economic Society.

Duke Peter of Oldenburg is recorded as a citizen of Grand Duchy of Oldenburg. Recorded with the occupation composer.