DS Automobiles

The name DS is considered a nod to the classic executive car Citroën DS. The name is also a play on words, as in French it is pronounced like the word déesse, meaning "goddess".

• Name — DS Automobiles • Producttype — Luxury vehicles • Currentowner — Stellantis (since 2021) • Producedby — Stellantis France • Origin — France • Introduced — (as a Citroën brand) (as an independent brand) (as a Citroën brand) • Related — Citroën • Markets — Europe (except Ireland (left in 2024), Sweden (left in 2022), Scandinavia (left in 2022) & Southeastern Europe), Argentina, Chile, French Guiana, Ecuador, Martinique, Colombia, Guadeloupe, Morocco, Reunion, Egypt, Japan, Israel, China (until 2023), South Korea (until 2024), Singapore (until 2024), Palestine, New Caledonia • Ambassadors — Xavier Peugeot (CEO of DS brand) • Previousowners — Citroën (2009–2015) PSA Group (2015–2021)

The PSA Group originally consisted of three automobile brands, Peugeot, Citroën and the soon dropped Talbot, but none was considered a "premium" brand. Since 1976, PSA has experimented with differentiating the brands by price level, similar to Chevrolet/Buick or Volkswagen/Audi, but neither brand had the strength to justify premium pricing. By launching the DS line, Groupe PSA decided to build on the design heritage of the original Citroën DS (1955–1975) designed by Flaminio Bertoni and André Lefèbvre. The DS line started with the Citroën DS3 in the beginning of 2010, a small car based on the floorpan of the new C3. The DS3 is based on the concept of the Citroën C3 Pluriel model and the Citroën DS Inside concept car, and customisable with various roof colours that can contrast with the body panels. It was named 2010 Car of the Year by Top Gear Magazine, awarded first supermini four times in a row by the J.D. Power Satisfaction Survey UK, and the second most efficient supermini (Citroën DS3 1.6 eHDi 115 Airdream: True MPG 63.0mpg) by What Car? behind the Citroën C3. In 2013, the Citroën DS3 was again the best-selling premium subcompact car with 40% of the market share in Europe. The DS series is deeply connected to Citroën, as the DS4, launched in 2010, is based on the 2008 Citroën Hypnos concept car and the DS5, following in 2011, is based on the concept car of 2005, the Citroën C-SportLounge. According to PSA CEO Carlos Tavares, DS would keep using the same platforms and dealerships as other PSA models, but would distinguish itself from Citroën cars by using "separate manufacturing and engineering standards".

• Illustration — DS Store in Shanghai, China The DS Automobiles rear badge is a new logo rather than the Citroën double chevron, and all have different styling compared to their equivalent Citroën car. This logo was designed by Korean designer Jin Joo. Citroën produced several concept sports cars, with the fully working Citroën Survolt being badged as a DS. A 2014 concept car, the DS Divine, develops the Survolt prototype as the future sport coupé of the DS range.

In China, DS vehicles have been sold in separate dealerships since 2014. DS models for sale in China were produced by the Changan PSA joint venture based in Shenzhen until May 2020, when the factory was acquired by the Baoneng Group. The DS 5LS and DS 6WR are only sold in China. With the facelift of the DS5 in 2015, the DS brand was also separated from the Citroën brand in Europe, and standalone DS dealerships are planned worldwide. • Illustration — DS Store in France In the end of 2023, DS Automobiles announced it was withdrawing from the Chinese market.

The DS Store is the dealership network of DS Automobiles. It was introduced in China in 2014, and in Europe in 2015. In 2021, it was announced that a number of DS Store dealerships in the United Kingdom were set to close as a result of "poor volume and little return" of DS Automobiles vehicles, with just 233 new vehicle registrations in the United Kingdom for the company in March 2021. Despite the announcement, DS Automobiles announced a growth plan for the market in the United Kingdom at the end of March 2021, with the company claiming that "new dealerships and personal customer service" was pivotal for success in the British market. In addition to DS Store dealerships, the company also operates the DS Only You privilege club which allows members to benefit from personalised services.

• Yves Bonnefont (2014–2020) • Beatrice Foucher (2020–2023) • Olivier François (2023–2025) • Xavier Peugeot (2025–present)

• DS 3 (formerly DS 3 Crossback) • DS No. 4 (formerly DS 4 (crossover)) • DS No. 7 • DS No. 8 • Illustration — DS 3 • Illustration — DS No. 4 • Illustration — DS No. 8

• DS 3 (hatchback) • DS 4 (hatchback) • DS 4S • DS 5 • DS 5LS • DS 6 • DS 7 (formerly DS 7 Crossback) • DS 9 • Illustration — DS 3 (hatchback) • Illustration — DS 4 (hatchback) • Illustration — DS 4S • Illustration — DS 5 • Illustration — DS 5LS • Illustration — DS 6 • Illustration — DS 7 • Illustration — DS 9

• Citroën C-SportLounge (2008) • Citroën Hypnos (2008), occasionally shown with DS emblem • Citroën DS Inside (2009) • Citroën REVOLTe (2009) • Citroën DS High Rider (2010) • Citroën Survolt (2010) • Citroën DS4 Racing (2012) • Citroën Numéro 9 (2012) • DS Wild Rubis (2013) • Citroën DS3 Cabrio Racing (2013) • DS 5LS R (2014) • Divine DS (2014) • DS 3 & DS 3 Cabrio Ines de la Fressange Paris (2014) • DS 4 Crossback (2015) • DS E-Tense and E-Tense Performance (2016, 2022 respectively) • DS X E-Tense (2018) • DS Code X (2019) • DS Aero Sport Lounge (2020) • DS SM Tribute (2024) • Illustration — 2013 DS Wild Rubis • Illustration — 2014 DS Divine • Illustration — 2014 DS 5LS R • Illustration — 2016 DS E-Tense • Illustration — 2018 DS X E-Tense • Illustration — 2020 DS Aero Sport Lounge • Illustration — 2024 DS SM Tribute

• Year — Worldwide — Europe — China • 2009 — 205 • 2010 — 53,336 • 2011 — 97,579 • 2012 — 129,000 — 117,374 • 2013 — 122,694 — 110,554 — 1,271 • 2014 — 118,472 — 85,093 — 26,008 • 2015 — 102,335 — 75,163 — 21,451 • 2016 — 85,981 — 65,456 — 16,156 • 2017 — 52,860 — 45,863 — 5,847 • 2018 — 53,265 — 45,251 — 3,867 • 2019 — 52,597 — 1,254 • 2020 — 43,597 — 427 • 2021 — 43,970 — 1,853 • 2022 — 49,510 — 1,373 • 2023 — 48,444

DS Performance is the competitions department of DS Automobiles, which it claims was established to accelerate the electrification transition of the brand. Although the department doesn't participate directly in motorsport by using partners instead, it assists with technological development of Formula E cars and related marketing activities.

• Illustration — Andre Lotterer driving for DS Techeetah in 2019 DS partnered with Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Racing for the second season of the FIA Formula E Championship. The team competed as DS Virgin Racing, finishing in third place in the season and fourth in the 2016–17 season. For the 2018–19 season, DS ended its relationship Virgin and moved to partner with Techeetah. The newly renamed DS Techeetah, using the DS E-Tense FE 19 powertrain, won both the drivers and teams championships with Jean-Eric Vergne while becoming Formula E's first two-time drivers champion. This feat was repeated in the following season with António Félix da Costa becoming driver's champion and DS Techeetah winning the teams title for 2019–20. The partnership with Techeetah ended at after the 2021–22 season. DS then partnered with Penske Autosport to create DS Penske from the 2022–23 season. In March 2026, DS announced that they will exit the series at the end of the 2025–26 season. DS ended their run in Formula E with a race victory in the final race of the season through Taylor Barnard.

• Year — Team — Chassis — Powertrain — Tyres — No. — Drivers — Points — Teams' Championship position • 2015–16 — DS Virgin Racing — Spark SRT01-e — Virgin Racing Engineering DSV-01 — Michelin — 2 — Sam Bird — 144 — 3rd • 25 — Jean-Éric Vergne • 2016–17 — DS Virgin DSV-02 — 2 — Sam Bird — 190 — 4th • 37 — José María López • Alex Lynn • 2017–18 — DS Virgin DSV-03 — 2 — Sam Bird — 160 — 3rd • 36 — Alex Lynn • 2018–19 — DS Techeetah — Spark SRT05e — DS E-TENSE FE19 — 25 — Jean-Éric Vergne — 222 — 1st • 36 — André Lotterer • 2019–20 — DS E-TENSE FE20 — 13 — António Félix da Costa — 244 — 1st • 25 — Jean-Éric Vergne • 2020–21 — DS E-TENSE FE20 DS E-TENSE FE21 — 13 — António Félix da Costa — 166 — 3rd • 25 — Jean-Éric Vergne • 2021–22 — DS Techeetah — DS E-TENSE FE21 — 13 — António Félix da Costa — 266 — 3rd • 25 — Jean-Éric Vergne • 2022–23 — DS Penske — Formula E Gen3 — DS E-TENSE FE23 — Hankook — 1 — Stoffel Vandoorne — 163 — 5th • 25 — Jean-Éric Vergne • 2023–24 — 2 — Stoffel Vandoorne — 200 — 3rd • 25 — Jean-Éric Vergne • 2024–25 — Formula E Gen3 Evo — DS E-TENSE FE25 — 7 — Maximilian Günther — 184 — 5th • 25 — Jean-Éric Vergne • 2025–26 — 7 — Maximilian Günther — 91 — 9th • 77 — Taylor Barnard