Diego Durán

Durán also wrote Book of the Gods and Rites (1574–1576), and Ancient Calendar (c. He was fluent in Nahuatl, the Aztec language, and was therefore able to consult natives and Aztec codices as well as work done by earlier friars. His empathetic nature allowed him to gain the confidence of many native people who would not share their stories with other Europeans, and was able to document many previously unknown folktales and legends that make his work unique.

• Name — Diego Durán • Born — c. 1537 • Birthplace — Seville, Crown of Castile • Died — 1588 • Place of death — Mexico City, New Spain • Occupation — Dominican friar • Notable Works — The History of the Indies of New Spain

Durán was born sometime around 1537 in Seville, Spain. His family traveled to Mexico when he was about seven years old. Later he wrote "although I did not acquire my milk teeth in Texcoco, I got my second ones there." Durán grew up in Tetzcoco (Texcoco), in the present state of Mexico, an important learning center where there had been an extensive pre-Hispanic library of books in pictorial form, now called "codices". The inhabitants of Tetzcoco spoke Nahuatl, the language of the Aztec, and the boy soon spoke it as well as his native Spanish. This served him well in his later work among the natives as a friar and as an ethnographer, interviewing Nahuatl-speaking people in rural areas. When he was still young, his family moved to Mexico City where he attended school and was exposed to Aztec culture under the colonial rule of Spain, as well as the many Africans brought by the Spanish as slaves. According to Heyden, Durán was often puzzled by the mix of races and cultures and their significance for social class.

In 1556 he entered the Dominican Order and was sent to Oaxaca in 1561 after being trained in Mexico City. He resided for a time at a convent, or friary, in Oaxtepec, and there he found many informants within the Church. He is believed to have been tutored by Dominican Fray Francisco de Aguilar, who had once been a soldier involved in the siege of Tenochtitlan. Aguilar later joined the Dominican order, and had much to tell Durán about the Aztecs at first contact. He was cited frequently by Durán in his History. Durán later became a vicar at a convent in Hueyapan and it was there that he learned the most from the native Nahuas. The convents had been issued a decree by Charles V to preach the Christian word to native rural villages and Durán ventured into the villages frequently to converse with the natives there. The clergy were to also observe native customs and to search for ancient documents particularly the lost Holy Scriptures of Saint Thomas (who was believed to have been the basis for the Aztecs' Quetzalcoatl). He developed a close association with the people he was attempting to convert, which led him to criticize the clerics and conquistadors who never learned the natives' language, writing "they should know the language well and understand [the people] if they have any pretense of obtaining fruit. And the clergy should not acquiesce by saying they need know only enough of the tongue in order to hear confession and that is enough." (Book of the Gods and Rites) and scorns the Spaniards' crude use of the language that made the natives scoff. Durán was torn between two worlds, his own people, and the Aztecs. On one hand, he respected the Aztecs and their governmental organization before the conquest; and he grew to admire the native people of Mexico, and often said so. On the other hand, he was repulsed by certain acts of his native informants, particularly human sacrifice. It was, after all, his duty to evangelize them, and his cultural background gave him a great disdain for such things. Another of his duties was to document the cultural ways and practices of the native people to serve as a manual for other monks in their attempt to evangelize them. Although his purpose was to detail the "heathen practices" as a manual for other missionaries, he also wanted to make it pleasant to read and useful to others. In 1585, Durán returned to Mexico City in ill health to live and work in the Convent of St. Dominic there, as a translator from Nahuatl to Spanish for the Inquisition. He died in 1588 of an unknown illness.

The authorities additionally record the heading Diego Duran. His recorded language was Spanish. His recorded confession was Catholic Church.

Diego Durán is recorded as historian, writer and missionary.