Diana Serra Cary

Between 1921 and 1924, she made over 150 short films for the Century Film Corporation. In 1922, she received over 1.2 million fan letters and by 1924, she had been dubbed "The Million Dollar Baby" for her $1.5 million annual salary ($ million in). Despite her childhood fame and wealth, her parents mismanaged her finances and by the time she came of age she found herself poor and working as an extra by the 1930s. Having an interest in both writing and history since her youth, Montgomery found a second career as an author and silent film historian in her later years under the name Diana Serra Cary. She was the author of several books including her historical novel The Drowning of the Moon. She was also an advocate for child actors' rights.

• Name — Diana Serra Cary • Birth Name — Peggy-Jean Montgomery • Born — 29 October 1918 • Birthplace — San Diego, California, U.S. • Died — 24 February 2020 • Place of death — Gustine, California, U.S. • Other Names — * Baby Peggy • Baby Peggy Montgomery • Peggy Montgomery • Peggy Jane • Diana Ayres • Education — * Lawlor Professional School • Fairfax High School • Occupation — * Actress • vaudevillian • author • silent film historian • Years Active — 1920–1938; 2013 • Children — 1

She was born on October 29, 1918, in San Diego, California as Peggy-Jean Montgomery, the second daughter of Marian (née Baxter) and Jack Montgomery. While some sources incorrectly give her birth name as Margaret, Cary herself, in her autobiography, notes that she was indeed born as Peggy-Jean. She further explained the Roman Catholic nuns at her birth hospital recommended the name Margaret as Peggy was a pagan name. Her parents rejected the suggestion. Her elder sister, legally named Jack-Louise (1916–2005), was called Louise or occasionally Jackie.

Baby Peggy was "discovered" at the age of 19 months, when she visited Century Studios on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood with her mother and a film-extra friend. Her father, Jack, a former cowboy and park ranger, had done work as a stuntman and stand-in for Tom Mix in a number of his cowboy films. Impressed by Peggy's well-behaved demeanor and willingness to follow directions from her father, director Fred Fishback hired her to appear in a series of short films with Century's canine star Brownie the Wonder Dog. The first film, Playmates in 1921, was a success, and Peggy was signed to a long-term contract with Century. • Illustration — Baby Peggy in The Family Secret Between 1921 and 1924, Peggy made close to 150 short comedy films for Century. Her films often spoofed full-length motion pictures, social issues and stars of the era; in one, Peg O' The Movies, she satirized both Rudolph Valentino and Pola Negri. She also appeared in film adaptations of novels and fairy tales, such as Hansel and Gretel and Jack and the Beanstalk, contemporary comedies, and a few full-length motion pictures. In 1923, Peggy began working for Universal Studios, appearing in full-length dramatic films. Among her works from this era were The Darling of New York, directed by King Baggot, and the first screen adaptation of Captain January. In line with her status as a star, Peggy's Universal films were produced and marketed as "Universal Jewels", the studio's most prestigious and most expensive classification. During this time, she also starred in Helen's Babies, opposite Clara Bow. The success of the Baby Peggy films brought her into prominence. When she was not filming, she embarked on extensive "In-Person" personal appearance tours across the country to promote her films. She was also featured in several short skits on major stages in Los Angeles and New York City, including Grauman's Million Dollar Theatre and the Hippodrome. Her likeness appeared on magazine covers and was used in advertisements for various businesses and charitable campaigns. She was also named the Official Mascot of the 1924 Democratic Convention in New York City, and stood onstage waving a United States flag next to Franklin Delano Roosevelt. • Illustration — Baby Peggy holding a Baby Peggy doll - June 1922 By the age of 5, she had her own line of various endorsed items, including dolls in her likeness, sheet music, jewelry, and milk. As a child, Frances Gumm (later Judy Garland) owned at least one Baby Peggy doll. Cary would later befriend Garland, and wrote in her autobiography that she believed Garland's mother had pursued fame for her children based on Baby Peggy's success. • Illustration — Baby Peggy with Frances & Gene Quirk. Peggy was meeting President Coolidge at the White House, Washington D.C., February 2, 1925 While under contract with Century and Universal, Peggy commanded an impressive salary. By 1923, she was signed to a $1.5 million a year contract at Universal ($ million in); on her vaudeville tours she made $300 per day. Her parents handled all of the finances and money was spent on expensive cars, homes, and clothing. Nothing was set aside for the welfare or education of Peggy or her sister. Peggy herself was paid one nickel for every vaudeville performance. Through reckless spending and corrupt business partners of her father, her entire fortune was gone before she hit puberty. When fellow child star Jackie Coogan sued his parents in 1938, Peggy's parents asked her if she was going to do the same. Believing it would do no good, Peggy did not pursue legal action. Coogan's case, and cases like Baby Peggy's, eventually inspired the Coogan Act to protect child actors' earnings.

Peggy's working conditions, as described in later interviews and her autobiography, were harsh. As a toddler she worked eight hours a day, six days a week. She was generally required to perform her own stunts, which included being held underwater in the ocean until she fainted (Sea Shore Shapes), escaping alone from a burning room (The Darling of New York), and riding underneath a train car (Miles of Smiles). While at Century she also witnessed several instances of animal cruelty and saw a trainer crushed to death by an elephant. Schooling for both Peggy and her sister, Louise, was sporadic at best. Neither attended school until the end of the vaudeville era; for their secondary education, they worked to pay for their tuition at Lawlor Professional School, which offered flexible schedules and allowed them to continue performing in films. Baby Peggy's career was controlled by her father, who accompanied her to the studio every day and made every decision about her contracts. Her father often claimed that Peggy's success was based not on her own talent, but on her ability to follow orders unquestioningly.

Baby Peggy's film career abruptly ended in 1925 when her father had a falling out with producer Sol Lesser over her salary and canceled her contract. She found herself essentially blacklisted due to actions of her father with his studio boss, and was able to land only one more part in silent films, a minor role in the 1926 picture April Fool. From 1925 to 1929, Peggy had a successful career as a vaudeville performer. Although her routine, which included a comedy sketch, singing and a dramatic monologue, was initially met with skepticism, it soon became a popular and respected act. Although she was prohibited from "playing the Palace" because of her young age, she appeared onstage there as a special guest. Peggy and her family toured the United States and Canada, performing in major venues, until the family tired of touring. While on the vaudeville circuit, Peggy was frequently ill with tonsillitis and other ailments; however, she continued working. In What Ever Happened to Baby Peggy?, she wrote, "On several occasions I went onstage so yellow-dog sick they had to put buckets in the wings: I threw up in one before I made my entrance, and in the second when I exited, before changing and going back out for my encore." Her mother feared for her health, another reason for leaving the rough life of touring. Peggy's parents continued to spend excessively after she had been pushed out of films, wasting on unnecessary luxuries much of the 2 million she had made. Peggy's father planned to buy a ranch and convert it into a high-end getaway. However, the stock market crash of 1929 put an immediate halt to the plans. The Montgomerys had to sell their Beverly Hills home and, having made a $75,000 deposit on the land and existing property, moved to rural Wyoming where they lived near the Jelm Mountains. Peggy found the change in pace refreshing and hoped her stage days were over. However, the family struggled to make a living, and, as a last-ditch effort, returned to Hollywood in the early 1930s, much to the teenaged Peggy's chagrin. She stated in a 2012 interview that she was paid three dollars a day, and many of the other extras were other silent actor stars that she grew up with, and collectively they considered the work to be like that of "galley slaves". Peggy posed for publicity photos with Douglas Fairbanks Sr., and signed with a new manager. Hopes of a comeback were mostly dashed by false rumors of a bad screen test that had never taken place. The family resorted to using food coupons from the Motion Picture Relief Fund. The Los Angeles School Board asserted that Peggy had to go to school, and was first enrolled at Lawlor Professional School, a school with flexible hours for child actors, and was classmates with Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland. She later attended Fairfax High School while the entire family was forced to take extra work. She loathed screen work and retired soon after appearing in Having Wonderful Time in 1938. In the spring of 1940, Peggy's career had reached such a low, journalist Walter Winchell in his column On Broadway reported Peggy and her husband Gordon Ayres were now living in a small furnished room in New York City, with only doughnuts to eat. Gordon Ayres was working as a bartender while Peggy was looking for a screen job. In 2013, Cary made her only return to the film industry in a short titled, Broncho Billy and the Bandit's Secret in a cameo appearance.

• Illustration — Diana Serra Cary in 2012 Peggy married Gordon Ayres in 1938 and a few years later adopted the name Diana Ayres in an effort to distance herself from the Baby Peggy image. Working at the time as a writer for radio shows, she found that people who figured out her identity were more interested in her Baby Peggy persona than in her writing abilities. She later changed her name to Diana Serra Cary explaining, "After my divorce [from Gordon Ayres] and when I became a Catholic I took Serra as my confirmation name. When I married Bob [her second husband] I became Mrs. Cary." Following acting, she had worked as a switchboard operator, a bookstore clerk, and a gift shop manager before she got into freelance writing. Eventually, after years of emotional struggle and open derision from Hollywood insiders and the media, Cary made peace with her Baby Peggy past. She had successful careers as a publisher, historian and author on Hollywood subjects, writing, among other works, an autobiography of her life as a child star, What Ever Happened to Baby Peggy: The Autobiography of Hollywood's Pioneer Child Star, and a biography of her contemporary and rival named Jackie Coogan: The World's Boy King: A Biography of Hollywood's Legendary Child Star. As an adult, Cary worked on numerous books about the early film industry, Hollywood cowboys and harsh working conditions for child stars in Hollywood. At the end of her own autobiography, she recounts the fates of numerous child stars, including Judy Garland and Shirley Temple. She also advocated for reforms in child performer protection laws as a member of the organization "A Minor Consideration". Cary appeared in numerous television documentaries and interviews about her work, and made guest appearances at silent film festivals. At the age of 99, Cary self-published her first novel, The Drowning of the Moon.

At the age of seventeen, trying to escape the film industry and her parents' plans for her life, Cary ran away from home and rented an apartment with her sister Louise. She married actor Gordon Ayres, whom she met on the set of Ah, Wilderness!, in 1938. They divorced in 1948. In 1954, she married artist Robert "Bob" Cary (sometimes listed as Bob Carey). They had one son, Mark. They remained married until Bob Cary's death in 2001. She lived in Gustine, California, near Modesto, for many years.

Peggy died at her home in Gustine, California, on February 24, 2020, at the age of 101.

• Illustration — September 3, 1922, cover of The Film Daily • Illustration — Helen's Babies, Baby Peggy edition As documented by research of the Museum of Modern Art. Short subject • Year — Title — Role — Notes • 1921 — Her Circus Man • 1921 — On with the Show • 1921 — The Kid's Pal • 1921 — Playmates — Credited as Peggy Montgomery • 1921 — On Account • 1921 — Pals • 1921 — Third Class Male • 1921 — The Clean Up • 1921 — Golfing • 1921 — Brownie's Little Venus • 1921 — A Week Off • 1921 — Brownie's Baby Doll • 1921 — Sea Shore Shapes • 1921 — A Muddy Bride • 1921 — Teddy's Goat • 1921 — Get-Rich-Quick Peggy • 1921 — Chums • 1922 — The Straphanger — Unconfirmed • 1922 — Circus Clowns • 1922 — The Little Rascal • 1922 — Fools First — Little girl • 1922 — Little Red Riding Hood — Little Red Riding Hood • 1923 — Peg o' the Movies — Peg • 1923 — Sweetie • 1923 — The Kid Reporter — Peggy • 1923 — Taking Orders • 1923 — Nobody's Darling • 1923 — Tips • 1923 — Little Miss Hollywood — Little Miss Hollywood • 1923 — Miles of Smiles — The Twins (dual role) • 1924 — Our Pet • 1924 — The Flower Girl • 1924 — Stepping Some • 1924 — Poor Kid • 1923 — Hansel and Gretel • 1924 — Jack and the Beanstalk • 1924 — Such Is Life • 1924 — Peg o' the Mounties • 1932 — Off His Base — Peggy — Credited as Peggy Montgomery; Jerry of the Journal series • 2013 — Broncho Billy and the Bandit's Secret — The Movie Star — Only return to the film industry after 75 years. Features • Year — Title — Role — Notes • 1921 — Fool's Paradise — Child — Uncredited • 1922 — Little Miss Mischief • 1922 — Penrod — Baby Rennsdale — Credited as Peggy Jane; lost film • 1922 — Peggy, Behave! — Peggy • 1923 — Hollywood — Herself (cameo) — Lost film • 1923 — Carmen Jr. • 1923 — The Darling of New York — Santussa — Credited as Baby Peggy Montgomery • 1924 — The Law Forbids — Peggy — Incomplete film • 1924 — Captain January — Captain January • 1924 — The Family Secret — Peggy Holmes • 1924 — Helen's Babies — Toodie • 1926 — April Fool — Irma Goodman • 1926 — The Dangerous Dub — Rose Cooper • 1926 — Prisoners of the Storm — Joan Le Grande • 1934 — Eight Girls in a Boat — Hortense — Credited as Peggy Montgomery • 1934 — The Return of Chandu — Judy Allen, party guest — Uncredited • 1935 — Ah, Wilderness! — Schoolgirl at graduation — Uncredited • 1936 — Girls' Dormitory — Schoolgirl — Credited as Peggy Montgomery • 1937 — Souls at Sea — Bit Role — Uncredited • 1937 — True Confession — Autograph Hunter — Uncredited • 1938 — Having Wonderful Time — Extra — Uncredited Alternative title: Having a Wonderful Time

Diana Serra Cary was recorded at birth as Peggy-Jean Montgomery. She also worked under the name Baby Peggy. The authorities additionally record the headings Baby Peggy, Peggy Jean Montgomery, Baby Peggy Montgomery and Diana Ayres. Her recorded language was English.