Cristoforo Buondelmonti

Cristoforo Buondelmonti was born around 1385 into an important Florentine family. He was taught Greek by the Italian scholar Guarino da Verona and received further education from Niccolò Niccoli, an influential Florentine humanist. By 1414, he had become a priest and served as a rector of a church in Florence. Buondelmonti left his native city around 1414 in order to travel. While travels were mainly focused on the Aegean Islands, he visited Constantinople in the 1420s. He went on to author two historical-geographic works: the Descriptio insulae Cretae (1417, in collaboration with Niccolò Niccoli) and the Liber insularum Archipelagi (1420). These two books are a combination of geographical information and contemporary charts and sailing directions. The latter one contains the oldest surviving map of Constantinople, and the only one which antedates the Ottoman conquest of the city in 1453. During his expeditions, Buondelmonti bought hundreds of Greek manuscript and brought them back with him to Italy. Among the most rare and valuable, there was the only surviving copy of the Description of Greece by Pausanias, or the later became known as the Hieroglyphica of Horapollo, which played a considerable role both in humanistic thinking and in art. • Illustration — Liber insularum Arcipelagi, 16th-century manuscript. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Fonds latin.