Big Joe Turner

Turner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, with the Hall lauding him as "the brawny voiced 'Boss of the Blues.'" According to songwriter Doc Pomus, "rock and roll would have never happened without him." AllMusic called Turner "the premier blues shouter of the postwar era".

Turner was born May 18, 1911, in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. His father was killed in a train accident when Turner was four years old. He sang in his church, and on street corners for money. He left school at age fourteen to work in Kansas City's nightclubs, first as a cook and later as a singing bartender. He became known as "The Singing Barman", and worked in such venues as the Kingfish Club and the Sunset, and would frequently perform at these venues alongside his friend Pete Johnson on piano. The Sunset was managed by Piney Brown. It featured "separate but equal" facilities for white patrons. Turner wrote "Piney Brown Blues" in his honor and sang it throughout his career. At that time Kansas City nightclubs were subject to frequent raids by the police; Turner said, "The Boss man would have his bondsmen down at the police station before we got there. We'd walk in, sign our names and walk right out. Then we would cabaret until morning." His partnership with Johnson proved fruitful. Together they went to New York City in 1936, where they appeared on a playbill with Benny Goodman, but as Turner recounted, "After our show with Goodman, we auditioned at several places, but New York wasn't ready for us yet, so we headed back to K.C." Eventually they were seen by the talent scout John Hammond in 1938, who invited them back to New York to appear in one of his From Spirituals to Swing concerts at Carnegie Hall, which were instrumental in introducing jazz and blues to a wider American audience. In part because of their appearance at Carnegie Hall, Turner and Johnson had a major success with the song "Roll 'Em Pete". The track was basically a collection of traditional blues lyrics. It was a song that Turner recorded many times, with various musicians, over the ensuing years.

In 1939, along with the boogie-woogie pianists Albert Ammons and Meade Lux Lewis, Turner and Johnson began a residency at Café Society, a nightclub in New York City, where they appeared on the same playbill as Billie Holiday and Frankie Newton's band. Besides "Roll 'Em, Pete", Turner's best-known recordings from this period are probably "Cherry Red", "I Want a Little Girl" and "Wee Baby Blues". "Cherry Red" was recorded in 1939 for the Vocalion label, with Hot Lips Page on trumpet and a full band in attendance. During the next year Turner contracted with Decca and recorded "Piney Brown Blues" with Johnson on piano. In 1941, he went to Los Angeles and performed in Duke Ellington's revue Jump for Joy in Hollywood. He appeared as a singing policeman in a comedy sketch, "He's on the Beat". Los Angeles was his home for a time, and during 1944 he worked in Meade Lux Lewis's Soundies musical movies. He sang on the soundtrack recordings but was not present for filming, and his vocals were mouthed by the comedian Dudley Dickerson for the camera. In 1945 Turner and Pete Johnson established the Blue Moon Club, a bar in Los Angeles. In 1945, he also signed a recording contract with National Records, for which he recorded under the supervision of Herb Abramson. His first hit single was a cover of Saunders King's "S.K. Blues" (1945). He recorded the songs "My Gal's a Jockey" and the risqué "Around the Clock" the same year, and Aladdin Records released "Battle of the Blues", a duet with Wynonie Harris. Turner stayed with National until 1947, but none of his recordings were big sellers. In 1950, he recorded the song "Still in the Dark", released by Freedom Records. Joe Turner also played at the Cavalcades of Jazz concert held at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles which was produced by Leon Hefflin Sr. on September 23, 1945, to a crowd of 15,000. Count Basie, the Honeydrippers, The Peters Sisters, Slim and Bam and Valaida Snow were also featured artists. Turner also performed alongside Dizzy Gillespie at the fourth annual Cavalcade of Jazz concert held at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles, on September 12, 1948. Also on the program that day were Frankie Laine, The Sweethearts of Rhythm, The Honeydrippers, Little Miss Cornshucks, Jimmy Witherspoon, The Blenders, and The Sensations. Turner was a significant figure in the development of rhythm and blues. According to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, Turner and Louis Jordan laid the foundation for R&B in the 1940s, "cutting one swinging rhythm & blues masterpiece after another". Turner made many albums with Johnson, Art Tatum, Willie "The Lion" Smith, Sammy Price, and other jazz groups. He recorded for several record companies. He also performed with the Count Basie Orchestra. During his career, Turner was part of the transition from big bands to jump blues to rhythm and blues to rock and roll. He was a master of traditional blues verses, and at Kansas City jam sessions he could swap choruses with instrumental soloists for hours.

In 1951, while performing with the Count Basie Orchestra at Harlem's Apollo Theater as a replacement for Jimmy Rushing, he was spotted by Ahmet and Nesuhi Ertegun, who contracted him to their new recording company, Atlantic Records. Turner recorded a number of successes for them, including the blues standards "Chains of Love" and "Sweet Sixteen". Many of his vocals are punctuated with shouts to the band members, as in "Boogie Woogie Country Girl" ("That's a good rockin' band!", "Go ahead, man! Ow! That's just what I need!") and "Honey Hush" (he repeatedly sings, "Hi-yo, Silver!", a famous command used by the Lone Ranger on his popular radio show, to his horse named Silver). Turner's records reached the top of the rhythm-and-blues charts. Some of his songs were so risqué that some radio stations refused to play them, but they received much play on jukeboxes. Turner had great success during 1954 with "Shake, Rattle and Roll", which significantly boosted his career, turning him into a teenage favorite, and also helped to transform popular music. During the song, Turner yells at his woman to "get outta that bed, wash yo' face an' hands" and comments that she's "wearin' those dresses, the sun comes shinin' through! I can't believe my eyes, all that mess belongs to you." He sang it on film for the 1955 theatrical feature Rhythm and Blues Revue. Although the cover version of the song by Bill Haley & His Comets, with the risqué lyrics partly omitted, was a greater sales success, many listeners sought out Turner's version and were introduced thereby to rhythm and blues. Elvis Presley's version of "Shake, Rattle and Roll" combined Turner's lyrics with Haley's arrangement, but was not a successful single. "The Chicken and the Hawk", "Flip, Flop and Fly", "Hide and Seek", "Morning, Noon and Night", and "Well All Right" were successful recordings from this period. He performed on the television program Showtime at the Apollo and in the movie Shake Rattle & Rock! (1956). The song "Corrine, Corrina" was another great seller during 1956. In addition to the rock music songs, he released Boss of the Blues album in 1956. "(I'm Gonna) Jump for Joy", his last hit, reached the US R&B record chart on May 26, 1958. He toured Australia in 1957 with Lee Gordon's Big Show sharing the bill with Bill Haley and the Comets, LaVern Baker and Freddie Bell and the Bellboys.

After a number of successes in popular music, Turner resumed singing with small jazz combos, recording numerous albums in that style during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1966, Bill Haley helped revive Turner's career by lending him the Comets for a series of popular recordings for the Orfeón label in Mexico. During the 1960s and 1970s he resumed performing jazz and blues music, performing at many music festivals and recording for Norman Granz's Pablo Records. He also worked with Axel Zwingenberger. Turner also participated in a "Battle of the Blues" with Wynonie Harris and T-Bone Walker. In 1965, he toured in England with the trumpeter Buck Clayton and the trombonist Vic Dickenson, accompanied by Humphrey Lyttelton and his band. Part of a studio concert was televised by the BBC and later issued on DVD. A sound recording of a club appearance made during this tour is not thought of sufficient sound quality to justify commercial issue. He also toured Europe with Count Basie and his orchestra. He won the British Jazz Journal award as top male singer of 1965. In 1977, Turner recorded a cover version of Guitar Slim's song "The Things That I Used to Do", and "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter", for Spivey Records, with Lloyd Glenn on piano. Turner received top billing with Count Basie in the Kansas City jazz reunion movie The Last of the Blue Devils (1979), featuring Jay McShann, Jimmy Forrest, and other players from the city. In 1983, two years before his death, Turner was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame. That same year, the album Blues Train was released by Muse Records; the album featured Turner with the band Roomful of Blues. Turner's career endured from the barrooms of Kansas City in the 1920s (when at the age of twelve he performed with a pencilled moustache and his father's hat) to European jazz festivals of the 1980s.

Kansas City Jazz (Decca DL 8044, 1951) Joe Turner and Pete Johnson (EmArcy, 1955) The Boss of the Blues: Joe Turner Sings Kansas City Jazz (Atlantic, 1956) Joe Turner: Rock & Roll (Atlantic, 1957) Rockin' the Blues (Atlantic, 1958) And The Blues'll Make You Happy Too (Savoy, 1958) Careless Love (Savoy, 1958) Big Joe is Here (Atlantic, 1959) Big Joe Rides Again (Atlantic, 1960) Jumpin' the Blues (Arhoolie, 1962) with Pete Johnson Joe Turner and Jimmy Nelson (Crown, 1963) Sings The Blues, Vol. 1 (Oriole, 1964) Sings The Blues, Vol. 2 (Oriole, 1965) Feel So Fine (Fontana, 1965) with Buck Clayton; reissued as Buck Clayton Meets Joe Turner (Black Lion, 1992) Presenting Big Joe Turner (Orfeon [mex], 1966) Singing the Blues (ABC/BluesWay, 1967) reissued as Roll 'Em (ABC/BluesWay, 1973) The Real Boss of the Blues (BluesTime/Flying Dutchman, 1969) Super Black Blues (BluesTime/Flying Dutchman, 1969) with T-Bone Walker and Otis Spann Super Black Blues, Volume II (BluesTime/Flying Dutchman, 1970) with Leon Thomas, T-Bone Walker, Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson Turns On the Blues (Kent, 1970) Texas Style (Black and Blue, 1971) 1972 – Flip, Flop & Fly (Pablo, 1989) with Count Basie & His Orchestra 1973 – Boss Man of the Blues (LMI Records, 1973) 1973 – The Bosses (Pablo, 1974) with Count Basie 1974 – Life Ain't Easy (Pablo, 1983) 1974 – The Trumpet Kings Meet Joe Turner (Pablo, 1975) with Dizzy Gillespie, Roy Eldridge, Harry "Sweets" Edison, Clark Terry 1975 – Everyday I Have the Blues (Pablo, 1978) with Pee Wee Crayton and Sonny Stitt 1975 – Nobody in Mind (Pablo, 1976) with Milt Jackson and Roy Eldridge 1976 – In the Evening (Pablo, 1976) 1976 – The Midnight Special (Pablo, 1980) 1977 – Things That I Used to Do (Pablo, 1977) 1977 – San Francisco 1977 (RockBeat, 2017) with Mike Bloomfield 1977 – I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter (Spivey, 1978) with the Bill Dacey-Robert Ross Band 1978 – Really the Blues (Big Town, 1978) 1978 – Have No Fear Joe Turner is Here (Pablo, 1981) 1974–1978 – Stormy Monday (Pablo, 1991) previously unissued Pablo recordings 1980 – Kansas City Shout (Pablo, 1980) with Count Basie and Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson 1981 – Boogie Woogie Jubilee (Telefunken, 1981) with Axel Zwingenberger 1981 – Rock This Joint (Intermedia, 1982) 1981 – The Very Best Of Big Joe Turner Live (Intermedia, 1982) 1981 – Boss Blues Live! (Intermedia, 1982) 1981 – Roll Me Baby (Intermedia, 1982) 1983 – Live at the Music Machine 1983 (RockBeat, 2013) 1983 – Blues Train (Muse, 1983) with Roomful of Blues 1983 – Big Joe Turner with Knocky Parker and His House Rockers (Southland, 1985) 1984 – Kansas City Here I Come (Pablo, 1984) 1985 – Patcha, Patcha, All Night Long (Pablo, 1985) with Jimmy Witherspoon 1938–1954 – Shout, Rattle And Roll (1938–1954) (Proper, 2005) 4-CD set 1941–1946 – The Chronological Joe Turner 1941–1946 (Classics, 1997) 1946–1947 – The Chronological Joe Turner 1946–1947 (Classics, 1998) 1947–1948 – The Chronological Joe Turner 1947–1948 (Classics, 1999) 1949–1950 – The Chronological Joe Turner 1949–1950 (Classics, 2001)