Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Russians arrived in the mid-16th century, founding the city of Ufa, now the republic's capital. Numerous local uprisings broke out in opposition to the settlement of larger Russian populations in the centuries that followed. The Bashkirs finally gave up nomadic life in the 19th century, adopting the agricultural lifestyle that remains their primary means of support. The traditional clan-based social structure has largely disappeared. The predominant religions of the Bashkir population are Muslim, which is observed by the majority, and Russian Orthodoxy. A major battleground of the Russian Civil War, in 1919 the Bashkir Republic was the first ethnic region to be designated an autonomous republic of Russia under the new communist government. The republic declared its sovereignty within the Soviet Union on 11 October 1990 as the Bashkir Soviet Socialist Republic, and in 1992 it declared full independence. Two years later, Bashkortostan agreed to remain within the legislative framework of the Russian Federation, provided that mutual areas of competence were agreed upon. The republic has rich mineral resources, especially petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, manganese, copper, salt, and construction stone. The Soviet government built a variety of heavy industries on that resource base. The traditional Bashkir occupations of livestock raising and beekeeping remain important economic activities.

• Common Name — Bashkir ASSR • Conventional Long Name — Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic • Subdivision — ASSR • Nation — the Russian SFSR • Image Flag — Flag of the Bashkir ASSR.svg • Flag Type — Flag (1954–1992) • Flag — Flag of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic • Image Coat — Emblem of the Bashkir ASSR.svg • Symbol Type — Emblem (1978–1992) • Symbol — Emblem of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic • Image Map — BASSR 1927.JPG • Map Caption — Map of the Bashkir ASSR in 1927 • Capital — * Temyasovo (1919—1920) • Sterlitamak (1920—1922) • Ufa (from 1922) • Government Type — Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic • Stat Year1 — 1990 • Stat Year2 — 1989 • Stat Area1 — 143600 • Stat Pop2 — 3,943,100 • Year Start — 1919 • Date Start — 23 March • Event1 — Sovereignty declared • Date Event1 — 11 October 1990 • Event End — Renamed to the Republic of Bashkortostan • Date End — 25 February • Year End — 1990 • P1 — Bashkiria (1917–1919)Bashkiria • Flag P1 — Flag of Bashkortostan (1918).svg • S1 — Bashkortostan • Flag S1 — Flag of Bashkortostan (1992–2003).svg • Today — Russia The Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, also historically known as Soviet Bashkiria or simply Bashkiria, was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR. Currently it is known as Republic of Bashkortostan, a federal subject of Russia. The Bashkir ASSR was the first Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the RSFSR. • Illustration — Members of the Bashkir government, 20 June 1920 The republic occupied an area of sqmi in the far south-eastern corner of European Russia, bounded on the east by the Ural Mountains and within seventy kilometers of the Kazakhstan border at its southernmost point. The region was settled by nomads of the steppe, the Turkic Bashkirs, during the 13th-century domination by the Golden Horde. Russians arrived in the mid-16th century, founding the city of Ufa, now the republic's capital. Numerous local uprisings broke out in opposition to the settlement of larger Russian populations in the centuries that followed. The Bashkirs finally gave up nomadic life in the 19th century, adopting the agricultural lifestyle that remains their primary means of support. The traditional clan-based social structure has largely disappeared. The predominant religions of the Bashkir population are Muslim, which is observed by the majority, and Russian Orthodoxy. A major battleground of the Russian Civil War, in 1919 the Bashkir Republic was the first ethnic region to be designated an autonomous republic of Russia under the new communist government. The republic declared its sovereignty within the Soviet Union on 11 October 1990 as the Bashkir Soviet Socialist Republic, and in 1992 it declared full independence. Two years later, Bashkortostan agreed to remain within the legislative framework of the Russian Federation, provided that mutual areas of competence were agreed upon. The republic has rich mineral resources, especially petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, manganese, copper, salt, and construction stone. The Soviet government built a variety of heavy industries on that resource base. The traditional Bashkir occupations of livestock raising and beekeeping remain important economic activities.