Avraham Ofek

• Name — Avraham Ofek • Native Name — אברהם אופק • Born — 14 August 1935 • Birthplace — Burgas, Bulgaria • Died — 13 January 1990 • Place of death — Jerusalem, Israel • Movement — Leviathan Group • Field — Painting, sculpture, and interdisciplinary artworks

• Illustration — Avraham Ofek at Kibbutz Ein Hamifratz, 1952 Avraham Ofek was born in Burgas, Bulgaria. Within two years of the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, 45000 of Bulgaria’s 50000 Jews left voluntarily for Israel, including fourteen-year-old Avraham Ofek. Ofek’s birth parents died prior to this, and he emigrated with an adoptive family. Ofek's adoptive status remained unknown to him until his twenties. They settled in Kibbutz Ein HaMifratz. Informally, Ofek studied painting under his neighbour, Aryeh Rothman. In 1952, Ofek's adoptive father died. Two years later, Ofek enlisted in the Nahal Brigade of the Israel Defense Forces. In 1958, he went to Italy to continue his studies and to participate in the mural on the wall of the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence. Under the spell of the art of mural painting, which Ofek considered the primary medium of his work, he painted several of his best-known works, such as the mural on the wall of Beit Haam in Kfar Uria (1970), the mural in the Central Post Office in Jerusalem (1972) and the mural 'Israel, a Shattered Dream', at Haifa University (1986–1987). Upon returning to Israel in 1962, Efrat, his eldest daughter, was born in Kibbutz Ein Hamifratz. The family shortly moved to Jerusalem, and in 1966 began teaching at the Bezalel Academy. In 1963, Ofek served as one of the coffin-bearers at the funeral of Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, the second president of Israel. In 1977, Ofek began studying at Yeshiva Mercaz HaRav.

Avraham Ofek's early works were traditional landscapes, in a distinctly hybrid style that is particular to Middle Eastern, Jewish art. Later in his career, landscapes became undefined and receded into the background. Towards the end of Ofek's life, the landscape of Jerusalem became an important motif, reflecting loss and despair. Many of Ofek's landscapes convey a sense of alienation and solitude, as well as nostalgia for the city of his birth, Sofia. In 1957 his first solo exhibition was held at the Acre Museum. Following the exhibition, Ofek was invited to exhibit in the prestigious exhibition hall of the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design. Most of his works in these years and until the early 1960s are made of gouache and tempera on paper. Iconographically, the paintings are characterised by the use of concrete images such as cows, agricultural machinery and landscapes of the country, painted using dark coloration that differs from earlier attempts to reflect the "light of the Land of Israel". Ofek's works included images of Arab workers and slums, which he painted during his visits to Haifa, Acre and Jaffa. During the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s he was an active member of the Leviathan Group, with the artists Shmuel Ackerman and Mikhail Grobman. The group, which was founded in 1976, combined symbolism, metaphysics, Judaism, and conceptual and environmental art. Within the framework of this group, Ofek created performances and symbolic activities into which Jewish traditional symbolism was integrated. From the 1980s onward, Ofek returned to more traditional painting, which continued to feature Jewish themes, Israeli landscapes, and views of his city, Jerusalem. In 1989, the Jerusalem Print Workshop issued a collection of reproductions of his prints edited by Uri Katz, with text in Hebrew and English.

• -1958: Under the tutelage of Aryeh Rothman • 1958–1960: Academy of Fine Arts, Florence • 1961: Study Tour to Seville and Madrid, Spain, and London • 1969: Study Tour to Europe and the U.S.A.

• 1970, mural, Beit Haam, Kfar Uria • 1972, mural, Central Post Office, Jerusalem • 1973, mural, Agron School, Jerusalem • 1974, 'Mountains About Jerusalem', mural, Stone School, Jerusalem • 1976, 'Return to Zion', mural, Tel Aviv University Library, Tel Aviv • 1982, 'Hailek Ben Shachar', stone sculpture, Gan Harakevet, Arlozorof Street, Tel Aviv-Yafo • 1986, 'Homage to Asher', 1966 stone sculpture, Tefen Open University, Tefen • 1986–1987, 'Israel, A Shattered Dream', mural, Haifa University, Haifa • 1987, stone sculpture, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv, Israel • 2000, [relocation] Binding of Isaac (1986), stone sculpture, Gan Daniel, Safra Square, Jerusalem

• Exhibition of gouache paintings and drawings by Avraham Ofek, The Municipal Museum, Acre, 1957 • Avraham Ofek – Solo exhibition, Dugith Art Gallery, Tel Aviv, 1964 • Avraham Ofek: Paintings, The Bezalel National Museum, Jerusalem, 21 December 1957 – 15 January 1958 • Retrospective – Works 1956–1986, Museum of Art, Ein Harod, 3 May 1986 – 3 June 1986 • Prints and Miniature Sculpture by Avraham Ofek – On the Occasion of the First Anniversary of his Death, Yad Labanim Museum, Petach-Tikva, 9 February 1991 – 16 March 1991 • Night's Final Watch, Avraham Ofek: The Last Gouache Work, University of Haifa, Faculty of Humanities, The Art Gallery, Haifa, 12 March 1991 – 12 April 1991 • Landscape of Longing: Avraham Ofek's Early and Late Works, Israel Museum, Jerusalem, 15 March 2007 – 23 June 2007 • Avraham Ofek: Body, Work, Joseph and Rebecca Meyerhoff Pavilion, Main Building, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv, 31 May 2018 – 20 October 2018

• Illustration — Untitled, 1958 Israel Museum Collection • Illustration — Jerusalem, the Russian Compound, 1963 Israel Museum Collection B63.12.3440 • Illustration — Homage to Asher, 1966 stone Tefen Open Museum • Illustration — Part of a mural, 1970 Kfar Uria • Illustration — Part of a mural, 1970 Kfar Uria • Illustration — Hailek Ben Shachar, 1982 stone Gan HaRakevet (Railway Garden), Arlozoroff Street, Tel Aviv-Yafo • Illustration — Binding of Isaac, 1986 stone Safra Square, Jerusalem • Illustration — Stone, 1987 sandblasting on Jerusalem stone Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv, Israel • Illustration — Part of a mural, 1988 University of Haifa • Illustration — Part of a mural, 1988 University of Haifa