augustalis
An augustalis or augustale, also agostaro, was a gold coin minted in the Kingdom of Sicily beginning in 1231. • Illustration — Example of a Messinese augustale, showing Frederick as a Roman Emperor
augustalis
sailko · I, Sailko · CC BY-SA 3.0
- Field
- gold coin
- Region
- Kingdom of Sicily
- Related practice
- gold
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gnd · 1193450470 · wikidata · Q352512 · wikipedia · Augustalis
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History
History
It was issued by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (from 1220) and King of Sicily (from 1198), and was minted until his death in 1250. In addition, a half augustalis was issued. It was identical in design, but smaller and half the weight. The augustalis bore a Latin inscription and was widely circulated in Italy. It was patterned after the Roman aureus. It was struck at Naples starting from 1229, Brindisi and Messina starting from 1231, with accompanying billon deniers. The style of the augustalis has been described as splendid and proto-Renaissance; the quality of its execution and its fineness was high. The augustalis had a nominal weight of 5.31 grams and was 20 carats (854/1000) fine. The legal value was a quarter of a Sicilian gold ounce. The obverse contains a classical (not medieval) profile bust of the emperor wearing a laureate wreath with the legend CESAR AVG IMP ROM (Caesar Augustus, Emperor of the Romans); the reverse shows an eagle, the imperial symbol, with the name FRIDE RICVS (Frederick). The name augustalis means literally "of the august one", referring to the coin's provenance from the emperor himself, but also linking it with the Roman Emperor, who was commonly styled Augustus. It has recently been shown that the obverse shows the eagle, while the reverse features portraits of various Roman emperors. The order of the two is unmistakable, thanks to the text relating to the titles of Frederick II.
Coins and medals in the National Museum of Finland
Sailko
Frederician augustale minted at Brindisi (rev.)
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Kingdom of Sicily
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augustalis is associated with Kingdom of Sicily.
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Part of the biographical narrative on this page reuses licensed material. Its origin, revision and licence are recorded here.
The biographical narrative on this page is based on the Wikipedia article Augustalis, revision 1372806624 (EN edition), by its contributors. VALÉORINE has edited that text and built its own documentary record around it. The reused material is available under CC BY-SA 4.0, and this page's reuse of it is offered under the same licence. Everything else on this page — the chronology, the holdings, the evidence, the plates and the connections — is VALÉORINE's own record. Sources and licences.
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Cited by Wikipedia
Notes from the source article
These works are cited by the source article, in its own numbering. They are recorded as its citations, not as sources VALÉORINE has verified.
- 1.So etwa bei Heinrich Kowalski: Die Augustalen Kaiser Friedrichs II. In: Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 55 (1976), S. 77–150, hier: S. 77. Olaf B. Rader: Friedrich der Zweite. Der Sizilianer auf dem Kaiserthron. München 2010, S. 141.
- 2.Heinrich Kowalski: Die Augustalen Kaiser Friedrichs II. In: Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 55 (1976), S. 77–150, hier: S. 78f.
- 3.Lucia Travaini: Augustale In: Federico II. Enciclopedia Fridericiana. Roma 2005, Band 1, S. 131–133. (online).
- 4.hier Sp. 935.
- 5.Heinrich Kowalski: Die Augustalen Kaiser Friedrichs II. In: Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 55 (1976), S. 77–150, hier: S. 77.
- 6.Wolfgang Stürner: Friedrich II. Teil 2. Der Kaiser 1220–1250. 3., bibliographisch aktualisierte Auflage in einem Band, Darmstadt 2009, S. 250.
- 7.Richardus de Sancto Germano: Ryccardi de Sancto Germano chronica, hrsg. v. Carlo Alberto Garufi, Bologna 1937–1938 (Rerum italicarum scriptores : Raccolta degli storici italiani dal cinquecento al millecinquecento 7,2), S. 176. Dort heißt es: „Nummi aurei qui augustalis vocantur, de mandato Imperatoris in utraque sycla Brundusii et Messane cundutur.“
- 8.Richardus de Sancto Germano: Ryccardi de Sancto Germano chronica, hrsg. v. Carlo Alberto Garufi, Bologna 1937–1938 (Rerum italicarum scriptores : Raccolta degli storici italiani dal cinquecento al millecinquecento 7,2), S. 181f: „Mense Iunii quidam Thomas de Pando ciuius Scalensis novam monetam auri, que Augustalis dicitur ad Sanctum Germanum detulit distribuendam per totam abbatiam et per Sanctum Germanum, ut ipsa moneta homines in emptionibus et venditionibus suis, iuxta valorem ei ab imperiali providentia constitutum, ut quidlibet nummus aureus recipiatur et expendatur pro quarta uncie, sub pena personarum et rerum in imperialibus litteris, quas idem Thomas dedulit, annotata.“
- 9.Wolfgang Stürner: Friedrich II. Teil 2. Der Kaiser 1220–1250. 3., bibliographisch aktualisierte Auflage in einem Band, Darmstadt 2009, S. 251.
- 10.Eduard Winkelmann: Über die Goldprägungen Kaiser Friedrichs II. für das Königreich Sizilien und besonders über seine Augustalen. In: Mitteilungen des Instituts für österreichische Geschichtsforschung 15 (1894), S. 401–440, hier: S. 421f.
- 11.Heinrich Kowalski: Die Augustalen Kaiser Friedrichs II. In: Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 55 (1976), S. 77–150, hier: S. 94–96.
- 12.Lucia Travaini: Augustale In: Federico II. Enciclopedia Fridericiana. Roma 2005, Band 1, S. 131–133. (online).
- 13.So schreibt die Münzordnung von Messina und Brindisi vor: „Agustales auri, qui laborantur in predictic siclis, fiunt de caratis viginti et media, ita quod quelibet libra auri in pondere tenet de puro et fino auro uncias x. tarenos vii1/2; reliqua vero unica una et tareni viginti duo et medius sundt in quarta parte de ere et in tribus partibus de argento fino, sicut in tarenis.“ Eduard Winkelmann: Acta imperii inedita, saeculi XIII et XIV. Urkunden und Briefe zur Geschichte des Kaiserreichs und des Königreichs Sizilien, 2 Bde., Bd. 1: In den Jahren 1198 bis 1273, Innsbruck 1880, S. 766. Digitalisat
- 14.Heinrich Kowalski: Die Augustalen Kaiser Friedrichs II. In: Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 55 (1976), S. 77–150, hier: S. 95f.
- 15.Peter Berghaus: Augustalis. In: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Bd. 1, Sp. 1218–1219, hier: Sp. 1219.
- 16.Ausführlicher zu den Halbaugustalen bei Eduard Winkelmann: Über die Goldprägungen Kaiser Friedrichs II. für das Königreich Sizilien und besonders über seine Augustalen. In: Mitteilungen des Instituts für österreichische Geschichtsforschung 15 (1894), S. 401–440, hier: S. 418f.
- 17.Beschreibungen nach Winkelmann, Goldprägungen, S. 405, sowie Kowalski, Augustalen, S. 88. Eine kurze Beschreibung des Aussehens der Augustalen findet sich im Zusammenhang mit ihrer Verteilung im Juni 1232 bereits bei Richard von San Germano: „Figura Augustalise erat habens ab uno latere caput hominis cum media facie, et ab alio aquilam. “ Vgl. Richardus de Sancto Germano: Ryccardi de Sancto Germano chronica, hrsg. v. Carlo Alberto Garufi, Bologna 1937–1938 (Rerum italicarum scriptores : Raccolta degli storici italiani dal cinquecento al millecinquecento 7,2), S. 182.
- 18.Heinrich Kowalski: Die Augustalen Kaiser Friedrichs II. In: Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 55 (1976), S. 77–150, hier: S. 88.
- 19.Wolfgang Stürner: Friedrich II. Teil 2. Der Kaiser 1220–1250. 3., bibliographisch aktualisierte Auflage in einem Band, Darmstadt 2009, S. 252.
- 20.Peter Berghaus: Augustalis. In: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Bd. 1, Sp. 1218–1219, hier: Sp. 1219.
- 21.Heinrich Kowalski: Die Augustalen Kaiser Friedrichs II. In: Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 55 (1976), S. 77–150, hier: S. 88–91.
- 22.Heinrich Kowalski: Die Augustalen Kaiser Friedrichs II. In: Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 55 (1976), S. 77–150, hier: S. 91f.
- 23.Eduard Winkelmann: Über die Goldprägungen Kaiser Friedrichs II. für das Königreich Sizilien und besonders über seine Augustalen. In: Mitteilungen des Instituts für österreichische Geschichtsforschung 15 (1894), S. 401–440, hier: S. 406.
- 24.Lucia Travaini: Augustale In: Federico II. Enciclopedia Fridericiana. Roma 2005, Band 1, S. 131–133. (online); Wolfgang Stürner: Friedrich II. Teil 2. Der Kaiser 1220–1250. 3., bibliographisch aktualisierte Auflage in einem Band, Darmstadt 2009, S. 252.
- 25.Peter Berghaus: Augustalis. In: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Bd. 1, Sp. 1218–1219, hier: Sp. 1219.
- 26.Heinrich Kowalski: Die Augustalen Kaiser Friedrichs II. In: Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 55 (1976), S. 77–150, hier: S. 81–84. Auf Seite 83 sind Abbildungen von Grossi aus Bergamo, sowie des Siegelabdrucks des Bernardus von Parma zu finden.
- 27.So etwa bei Jacobus de Strada: Epitome thesauri antiquitatum, 1557, Abb. 8.
- 28.Diese sind zu finden bei: F. Paruta: La Sicilia descritto con Medaglie, Rom 1649, Tafel 143; sowie: C.D. Ducange: Glossarium ad Scriptores mediae et infimae Latinitatis, 3 Bde., Paris 1678, Neuausgabe Paris 1937–1938, Bd. I, Sp. 389.
- 29.Eduard Winkelmann: Über die Goldprägungen Kaiser Friedrichs II. für das Königreich Sizilien und besonders über seine Augustalen. In: Mitteilungen des Instituts für österreichische Geschichtsforschung 15 (1894), S. 401–440 und 16 (1895), S. 381–382.
- 30.Heinrich Kowalski: Die Augustalen Kaiser Friedrichs II. In: Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 55 (1976), S. 77–150.
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