Alfred Themba Qabula

Qabula was born in Flagstaff, Pondoland (part of today's South Africa in 1942. His father was a migrant mine worker who died when Alfred was very young. He was a participant in the 1959 Pondoland Rebellion. Following its failure, he fled to the forest, where he joined the African National Congress. Qabula moved to the gold-mining town of Carletonville and entered the construction trade, living a meager existence in the hostels and compounds of the area. He worked as a fork life operator and was active in the Metal and Allied Worker's Union. In 1969 Qabula moved to Durban, where he initially lived in a shack in Amaouti in Inanda. He remained in that city until 1985. From 1985 through 1988, Qabula was forced into hiding due to his outspoken support of the United Democratic Front, an organization which fought the continuation of the apartheid system in South Africa.

Qabula was a key leader of the Durban Workers Cultural Local, a group which sparked broad cultural activity in the trade union movement by sponsoring plays, musical performance, and the literary arts. Qabula was himself at the heart of this movement as a revivalist of the Zulu isibongo poetic tradition. Qabula took these traditional poetic forms and injected themes from daily life and the workplace, dealing with topics of survival and the fight for unionisation of the workplace.

• "Death," Flagstaff, Christmas 1985. • Black Mamba Rising: izinkodolo zabasabenzi base South Africa emzabalatweni. 1986. • A Working Life Cruel Beyond Belief. Culture and Working Life Project, University of Natal, 1989. —Memoir.