Walter Theodore Watts-Dunton

Walter Theodore Watts was born at St Ives, in what was then Huntingdonshire. He added his mother's maiden name Dunton to his surname in 1897. He was originally educated as a naturalist, and saw much of the East Anglian Gypsies, of whose superstitions and folklore he made careful study. Abandoning natural history for the law, he qualified as a solicitor and went to London, where he practised for some years, giving his spare time to his chosen pursuit of literature. One of his clients was Swinburne, whom he befriended in 1872.

Watts-Dunton contributed regularly to The Examiner from 1874 and to The Athenaeum from 1875 until 1898, being for more than twenty years the principal poetry critic in the latter. He wrote widely for other publications and contributed several articles to the Encyclopædia Britannica 9th edition (1885), of which the most significant was the one on "Poetry" in the ninth edition, where he explored poetry's first principles.

• Illustration — Rossetti and Watts-Dunton at 16 Cheyne Walk by Henry Treffry Dunn Watts-Dunton had considerable influence as the friend of many of the leading men of letters of his time; he enjoyed the confidence of Tennyson and contributed an appreciation of him to the authorised biography. He was in later years Dante Gabriel Rossetti's most intimate friend (Rossetti made a portrait of Watts in pastel in 1874). In 1879 Swinburne's alcoholic dysentery so alarmed him that he moved the poet into his semi-detached home, The Pines, 11 Putney Hill, Putney, which they shared for nearly thirty years until Swinburne's death in 1909. Watts' household included his sister Miranda Mason, her husband Charles (also a solicitor), her son, Bertie (born 1874) and later, a second sister. They also employed a live-in cook and a housemaid. Watts-Dunton married Clara Reich on 29 November 1905 and she settled into the family with ease.

• Illustration — Theodore Watts as a young man Watts is widely praised for extending Swinburne's life and encouraging his enthusiasm for the landscape verse that was amongst the best of his later works. However, Watts has also been castigated for sabotaging the completion of Swinburne's erotic sadomasochistic novel Lesbia Brandon. Even so, he was not able to wean Swinburne of his interest in flagellation. Watts-Dunton later decided also to take in Henry Treffry Dunn, who had been one of Rossetti's assistants. Like Swinburne, Dunn was prone to alcoholism. He died in 1899 whilst still living with Watts-Dunton and Swinburne.

Watts-Dunton's elongated name was celebrated by Stephen Potter's book on Gamesmanship, in which the Dunton-Watts supercharger was merely a thrust in the motoring gamesman's ploy to get one up on the opponent. When faced with an equally adept car man, the gamesman could expect a riposte involving the inevitably superior Watson-Dunn supercharger.

• 'Poetry', Encyclopædia Britannica (9th edition), (1885) Vol. XIX • The Coming of Love, (London: John Lane, 1897) • Aylwin, (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1898) (film 1920) • The Christmas Dream, (London: 1901) • Christmas at the Mermaid, (London: John Lane, 1902, illustrated by Herbert Cole) • The Renascence of Wonder, (London: 1903) • Studies of Shakespeare, (London: 1910) • Poetry and The Renascence of Wonder, (E. P. Dutton, 1914, facsimile ed. 2006) • Old Familiar Faces, (London: 1916)