Tundra Publishing

Tundra was one of the earlier creator-owned companies, before the formation of Image Comics and Dark Horse Comics' Legends imprint. Creators and projects involved with Tundra included Alan Moore and Bill Sienkiewicz's Big Numbers, Moore & Eddie Campbell's From Hell, Moore & Melinda Gebbie's Lost Girls (these last two original serialised in Stephen R. Bissette's Taboo anthology, which was also part-published by Tundra), The Crow, Mike Allred's Madman and Dave McKean's Cages. Despite its ambitious start, Tundra never became a profitable enterprise. It closed its doors in 1993 after burning through $14 million in three years. Kitchen Sink Press acquired its holdings; it reprinted popular Tundra publications such as Understanding Comics and continued to publish some Tundra series such as Taboo.

• Name — Tundra Publishing • Publications — Comics, graphic novels • Founded — July 1990 • Defunct — 1993 • Founders — Kevin Eastman • Headquarters — Northampton, Massachusetts • Genre — Horror, humor, adventure, thrillers, science fiction • Imprints — King Hell

While co-managing Mirage Studios, Eastman and his partner Peter Laird often spoke of the difficulties in maintaining creative control of their work. Eastman decided to address this problem by using his own personal knowledge and connections to help other creators. With Laird's blessing, Eastman started Tundra Publishing in 1990, to realize personal and other projects. Rick Veitch has written that: One of the plans was for Tundra to act as an exoskeleton for an existing self-publisher; offering marketing muscle, higher production values, printing costs paid and a page rate up front for half the action no strings attached. Moreover, as Eastman said in a 2007 interview with Benjamin Ong Pang Kean, Tundra provided a forum for Marvel and DC creators to work on projects that they could not otherwise realize: As part of Eastman's designs for Tundra were to produce personal projects of an adult nature, this saw Tundra fitting in the dubious middle-ground, as their intended product sat somewhat awkwardly between the comic shop and the book shop. Eastman says that he originally "thought that the audience was a lot larger than it actually was," citing his personal assumption that readers would "grow up through X-Men and discover The Sandman and then Dark Knight and Watchmen and beyond." The relatively new inroads of comics and graphic novels into bookshops worked against Tundra at the time. Tundra dealt in new properties, which required "building from the ground up," and was "a lot more work" than Eastman had anticipated, growing far too quickly for comfort, and requiring considerable injections of time and money, rather than being profitable. Tundra received multiple award nominations during its first and second years, including Harvey Awards and Eisner Awards, but despite critical acclaim the company was not making money on its titles. Speaking in 1992/93, Eastman was optimistic that the company had "finally reached the point where [it had] slowed up enough... to be giving individual projects the time and attention they require[d]." Shortly thereafter, in the spring of 1993, Tundra was bought out by Kitchen Sink Press, closing its (solo) doors after just three years, losing Eastman between $9 and $14 million.

In 1991 a British arm of the company, Tundra UK, opened in London. Led by Dave Elliott, an editor at Deadline and a founder of Atomeka Press, the UK branch worked with creators already on board with Tundra in the US as well as developing new projects. Tundra UK published comics from 1992–1993; titles they published included: • The Bogie Man by John Wagner & Alan Grant and Robin Smith (1992–1993) • Greenhouse Warriors by Glenn Dakin and Phil Elliott (1992) • Lazarus Churchyard by Warren Ellis and D'Israeli (1992) • Skidmarks by Ed Hillyer (1992) • Skin by Peter Milligan and Brendan McCarthy (1992) • Strange Embrace by David Hine (1993) – collected and colored in 2007–2008 by Image Comics • White Trash by Gordon Rennie and Martin Emond (1992) A number of projects were originally slated to be published by Tundra UK but ended up with other publishers after Tundra's demise. These include: • Hotwire by Steve Pugh and Warren Ellis — eventually published beginning in 2010 by Dave Elliott for Radical Comics • Kingdom of the Wicked by Ian Edginton and D'Israeli — published by Caliber Comics in black-and-white in 1996–1997 and then in color in 2004 by Dark Horse • Mister Monster: Worlds War Two by Michael T. Gilbert — published by Dave Elliott for Penthouse Comix and again at Atomeka Press in 2004 • Pale Horses by Dan Abnett, Steve White and Gary Erskine — published in 1997 by Dark Horse Comics as Hypersonic