James Levine

Levine denied the claims, but the Met found them credible enough to fire him in 2018. Levine debuted on the piano at age 10 as a soloist with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. He studied under Walter Levin, Rudolf Serkin, and Rosina Lhévinne before enrolling at Juilliard School of Music, where he studied conducting with Jean Paul Morel. He graduated in 1964, and became an apprentice to George Szell with the Cleveland Orchestra. He debuted as a conductor at the Metropolitan Opera in 1971. Levine held leadership positions with the Ravinia Festival, the Munich Philharmonic, and the Boston Symphony Orchestra. In 1980 he started the Lindemann Young Artists Development Program, and trained singers, conductors, and musicians for professional careers. Levine took an almost two-year health-related hiatus from conducting from 2011 to 2013, during which time he held artistic and administrative planning sessions at the Met, and led training of the Lindemann Young Artists. He retired as the Met's full-time Music Director following the 2015–16 season to become Music Director Emeritus, retaining oversight of his young artist program and continuing some conducting activities. In 2016–17, a number of men alleged Levine had molested them as student musicians several decades previously. Police investigations did not result in criminal charges, but music organizations such as the Ravinia Festival and the Boston Symphony Orchestra broke ties with him. After being fired from the Met, Levine sued his former employer for breach of contract and defamation, eventually reaching a confidential settlement that The New York Times reported to be $3.5 million. Levine's performances were extensively recorded in audio and video. He appeared in the Disney film Fantasia 2000, and conducted all the music that was newly recorded for it with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.

James Levine studied at Juilliard School and Walnut Hills High School. Training under Jean Morel and Rosina Lhévinne is recorded. Vannina Santoni and Maria Ewing are recorded as having studied under James Levine. The recorded working language is English. The field of work recorded is piano performance, classical music and conducting. Subjects and genres recorded for the work are classical music. Distinctions recorded are National Medal of Arts, Decoration of Honour in Gold for Services to the State of Vienna, Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award and Kennedy Center Honors.

• Name — James Levine • Birth Name — James Lawrence Levine • Born — 23 June 1943 • Birthplace — Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. • Died — 9 March 2021 • Place of death — Palm Springs, California, U.S. • Occupation — Conductor, pianist • Years Active — 1961–2017 • Known for — Music director of the Metropolitan Opera Fantasia 2000 • Spouse — Suzanne Thomson (2020–2021)

Levine was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to a musical Jewish family. His maternal grandfather was a composer and a cantor in a synagogue; his father, Lawrence, was a violinist who led dance bands under the name "Larry Lee" before entering his father's clothing business; and his mother, Helen Goldstein, was briefly an actress on Broadway, performing as "Helen Golden". Levine had a brother, Tom, who was two years younger, who followed him to New York City from Cincinnati in 1974, and with whom he was very close. He employed Tom as his business assistant, looking after his affairs, arranging his rehearsal schedules, fielding queries, scouting out places to live, meeting with accountants, and accompanying Levine on trips to Europe. Tom was also a painter. His younger sister, Janet, is a marriage counselor. Levine began to play the piano as a small child. On February 21, 1954, at age 10, he made his concert debut as soloist playing Felix Mendelssohn's Piano Concerto No. 2 at a youth concert of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. He subsequently studied music with Walter Levin, first violinist in the LaSalle Quartet. In 1956 he took piano lessons with Rudolf Serkin at the Marlboro Music School in Vermont. The next year he began to study piano with Rosina Lhévinne at the Aspen Music School. Levine graduated from Walnut Hills High School, a magnet school in Cincinnati. He entered the Juilliard School of Music in New York City in 1961, and took courses in conducting with Jean Morel. He graduated from Juilliard in 1964, and joined the American Conductors project connected with the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra. Levine lived in The San Remo on Central Park West in New York City.

From 1964 to 1965, Levine served as an apprentice to George Szell with the Cleveland Orchestra. He then served as the Orchestra's assistant conductor until 1970. That year, he also made debuts as guest conductor with the Philadelphia Orchestra at its summer home at Robin Hood Dell, the Welsh National Opera, and the San Francisco Opera. From 1965 to 1972 he concurrently taught at the Cleveland Institute of Music. In the summers, he worked at the Meadow Brook School of Music in Michigan and at the Ravinia Festival in Highland Park, Illinois, the summer home of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. During that time, the charismatic Levine developed a devoted following of young musicians and music lovers. In June 1971, Levine was called in at the last moment to substitute for István Kertész, to lead the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Chorus in Mahler's Second Symphony for the Ravinia Festival's opening concert of their 36th season. This concert began a long association with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. From 1973 to 1993 he was music director of the Ravinia Festival, succeeding the late Kertész. He made numerous recordings with the orchestra, including the symphonies and German Requiem of Johannes Brahms, and major works of Gershwin, Holst, Berg, Beethoven, Mozart, and others. In 1990, at the request of Roy E. Disney, he arranged the music and conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Chorus in the soundtrack of Fantasia 2000, released by Walt Disney Pictures. From 1974 to 1978, Levine also served as music director of the Cincinnati May Festival.

• Illustration — Program for Levine's Met debut on June 5, 1971 Levine made his Metropolitan Opera debut a few weeks before he turned 28, on June 5, 1971, leading a June Festival performance of Puccini's Tosca. After further appearances with the company, he was named its principal conductor in February 1972. He became its music director in 1975. In 1983, he served as conductor and musical director for the Franco Zeffirelli screen adaptation of Verdi's La Traviata, which featured the Met orchestra and chorus members. He became the company's first artistic director in 1986, and relinquished the title in 2004. In 2005, Levine's combined salary from the Boston Symphony Orchestra and the Met made him the highest-paid conductor in the country, at $3.5 million. During Levine's tenure, the Metropolitan Opera orchestra expanded its activities into recording and concert series for the orchestra and chamber ensembles from the orchestra at Carnegie Hall. Levine led the Metropolitan Opera on many domestic and international tours. For the 25th anniversary of his Met debut, Levine conducted the world premiere of John Harbison's The Great Gatsby, commissioned for the occasion. On his appointment as general manager of the Met, Peter Gelb emphasized that Levine was welcome to remain as long as he wanted to direct music there. Levine was paid $2.1 million by the Met in 2010. Following a series of injuries that began with a fall, Levine's health problems led to his withdrawal from many Metropolitan Opera engagements. After a May 2011 performance of Wagner's Die Walküre, Levine formally withdrew from all engagements at the Met. After two years of physical therapy, he returned to conducting with a May 2013 concert with the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra at Carnegie Hall. On September 25, 2013, Levine conducted his first Met performance since May 2011, in a revival production of Mozart's Così fan tutte. He was scheduled to conduct three productions at the opera house and three at Carnegie Hall in the 2013–14 season. On April 14, 2016, Met management announced that Levine would step down from his position as music director at the end of the 2015–16 season. The Met paid him $1.8 million for the 2015–16 season. He assumed the new title of Music Director Emeritus, which he held until December 2017, when in the wake of allegations that he had sexually abused four young men, the Met suspended its relationship with him and canceled all his scheduled performances with the company. In all, he conducted 2,577 performances at the Met, more than any other conductor and second only to tenor Charles Anthony for the most appearances with the company by an individual artist.

Levine first conducted the Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO) in April 1972. In October 2001, he was named its music director effective with the 2004–05 season, with an initial contract of five years, becoming the first American-born conductor to head the BSO. One unique condition that Levine negotiated was increased flexibility of the time allotted for rehearsal, allowing the orchestra additional time to prepare more challenging works. After the start of his tenure, the orchestra also established an "Artistic Initiative Fund" of about $40 million to fund the more expensive of his projects. One criticism of Levine during his BSO tenure is that he did not attend many orchestra auditions. A 2005 article reported that he had attended two out of 16 auditions during his tenure up to that time. Levine responded that he has the ability to provide input on musician tenure decisions after the initial probationary period, and that it is difficult to know how well a given player will fit the given position until that person has had a chance to work with the orchestra: "My message is the audition isn't everything." Another 2005 report stated that during Levine's first season as music director, the greater workload from the demands of playing more unfamiliar and contemporary music had increased physical stress on some of the BSO musicians. Levine and the players met to discuss this, and he agreed to program changes to lessen these demands. He received general critical praise for revitalizing the orchestra's quality and repertoire since the beginning of his tenure. Levine experienced ongoing health problems, starting with an onstage fall in 2006 that resulted in a torn rotator cuff and started discussion of how long Levine's tenure with the BSO would last. In April 2010, in the wake of his continuing health problems, it emerged that Levine had not officially signed a contract extension, so that he was the BSO's music director without a signed contract. On March 2, 2011, the BSO announced Levine's resignation as music director effective September 2011, after the Orchestra's Tanglewood season. Working on a commission from Levine and the BSO, the composer John Harbison dedicated his Symphony No. 6 "in friendship and gratitude" to him, whose premature departure from the orchestra prevented him from conducting the premiere. After allegations of his abusing a number of young men came out in December 2017 the BSO said Levine "will never be employed or contracted by the BSO at any time in the future".

Levine's BSO contract limited his guest appearances with American orchestras, but he still conducted regularly in Europe, with the Vienna Philharmonic, Berlin Philharmonic, and at the Bayreuth Festival. Levine was a regular guest with the Philharmonia of London and the Staatskapelle Dresden. Beginning in 1975 he conducted regularly at the Salzburg Festival and the annual July Verbier Festival. From 1999 to 2004, he was chief conductor of the Munich Philharmonic, and was credited with improving the quality of instrumental ensemble during his tenure.

Levine experienced recurrent health issues beginning in 2006, including sciatica and what he called "intermittent tremors". On March 1, 2006, he tripped and fell onstage during a standing ovation after a performance with the Boston Symphony Orchestra and tore the rotator cuff in his right shoulder, leaving the remaining subscription concerts in Boston to his assistant conductor at the time. Later that month, Levine underwent surgery to repair the injury. He returned to the podium on July 7, 2006. Levine withdrew from the majority of the Tanglewood 2008 summer season because of surgery required to remove a kidney with a malignant cyst. He returned to the podium in Boston on September 24, 2008, at Symphony Hall. On September 29, 2009, it was announced that Levine would undergo emergency back surgery for a herniated disk. He missed three weeks of engagements. In March 2010, the BSO announced that Levine would miss the remainder of the Boston Symphony season because of back pain. The Met also announced, on April 4, 2010, that he was withdrawing from the remainder of his performances for the season. According to the Met, Levine was required to have "corrective surgery for an ongoing lower back problem". He returned to conducting at the Met and the BSO at the beginning of the 2010–11 season, but in February 2011 canceled his Boston engagements for the rest of the season. In the summer of 2011, Levine underwent further surgery on his back. In September 2011, after he fell down a flight of stairs, fractured his spine, and injured his back while on vacation in Vermont, the Met announced that he would not conduct at the Met at least for the rest of 2011. After two years of surgery and physical therapy, Levine returned to conducting for the first time on May 19, 2013, in a concert with the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra at Carnegie Hall. Levine conducted from a motorized wheelchair, with a special platform designed to accommodate it, which could rise and descend like an elevator. He returned to the Met on September 24, 2013. The same type of platform was present in the Met orchestra pit for his September 2013 return performance. For many years, both Levine and the Met denied as unfounded the rumors that Levine had Parkinson's disease. As New York magazine reported: "The conductor states flatly that the condition is not Parkinson's disease, as people had speculated in 'that silly Times piece.'" But in 2016, both he and the Met finally admitted that the rumors were true. Levine had in fact had Parkinson's since 1994. The Washington Post noted: "It wasn't just the illnesses, but the constant alternation between concealment and an excess of revelation that kept so much attention focused on them and away from the music." Levine died in his Palm Springs home on March 9, 2021. Len Horovitz, his personal physician, announced Levine's death on March 17 and said that he had died of natural causes. There was no public funeral or memorial service, and his burial site was not publicly disclosed.

Allegations of sexual assault by Levine came to a head at the end of 2017, when it was widely reported that four men had accused Levine of molesting them (starting when they were 16, 17, 17, and 20 years old, respectively) from the 1960s to the 1990s. On December 2, 2017, it was publicly revealed that an October 2016 police report detailed that Levine had allegedly molested a male teenager for years. The alleged sexual abuse began while Levine was guest conductor at the Ravinia Music Festival, outside Chicago, where Levine was music director for the Chicago Symphony Orchestra's summer residencies from 1973 to 1993. One accuser said that in the summer of 1968, when he was a 17-year-old high school student attending Meadow Brook School of Music in Michigan, Levine (then a 25-year-old faculty member) had sexual contact with a student. When he next saw Levine, the accuser told him that he would not repeat the sexual behavior, but asked if they could continue to make music as they had before; Levine said no. The accuser later played bass in the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra for decades and became a professor. A second accuser said that during that same summer, Levine had sexual contact with a 17-year-old student and that Levine then initiated with the teenager a number of sexual encounters that have since haunted him. He said (and another male corroborated, on the condition of anonymity) that the next year, in Cleveland, where Levine was an assistant conductor of the Cleveland Orchestra, Levine on several occasions had sexual contact with that student and other students. A third accuser, a violinist and pianist who grew up in Illinois near the Ravinia Music Festival, a summer program for aspiring musicians of which Levine was music director from 1971 to 1993, said Levine sexually abused him beginning when the accuser was 16 years old (and Levine was in his 40s) in 1986. He had previously detailed his accusation in 2016 in a report to the Lake Forest Police Department in Illinois. After a year of investigation, the department announced that Levine could not be charged criminally in Illinois because the accuser was 16 years old at the time of the alleged act, which met the age of consent at the time. On December 4, 2017, a fourth man, who later had a long career as a violinist in the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra, said he had been abused by Levine beginning in 1968, when he was 20 years old and attending the Meadow Brook School of Music. Levine was a teacher in the summer program.

The New York Times said that the Metropolitan Opera had known of at least one sexual abuse allegation against Levine as early as 1979, but dismissed it as baseless. Furthermore, Met officials (including General Manager Peter Gelb, who was contacted directly by a police detective about the allegations in October 2016) had been aware of both the third accuser's abuse allegations since they were made in the 2016 police report, and of the attendant police investigation. The Met did not suspend Levine or launch an investigation of its own until over a year later, in December 2017. In response to the December 2017 news article, the Met announced that it would investigate the sexual abuse allegations dating to the 1980s that were set forth in the 2016 police report. On December 3, after two other accusers came forward with allegations of abuse, the Met suspended its ties with Levine, and canceled all upcoming engagements with him. A fourth accuser came forward the following day. For its part, the Ravinia Festival, in April 2017, six months after the criminal investigation of Levine began, created an honorific title for Levine—"Conductor Laureate"—and signed him to a five-year renewable contract to begin in 2018. On December 4, 2017, however, the Ravinia Festival severed all ties with Levine, and terminated his five-year contract to lead the Chicago Symphony Orchestra there. The Boston Symphony Orchestra said Levine "will never be employed or contracted by the BSO at any time in the future". The Juilliard School, where Levine had studied, replaced him in a February 2018 performance where he was scheduled to lead the Juilliard Orchestra and singers from the Met's Lindemann Young Artist Development Program. On December 5, the Cincinnati May Festival canceled Levine's appearance in May. On December 7, in New Plymouth, New Zealand, the cinema chain Event Cinemas abruptly canceled the screening of a Met production of Levine conducting Mozart's Die Zauberflöte. On December 8, Fred Child, host of the classical music radio show Performance Today, wrote that Levine "is accused of inflicting grievous harm to living members of our musical community. Out of respect for these people and their wounds, I choose not to broadcast performances featuring Mr. Levine on the podium." Classical music blogger, former Village Voice music critic, and Juilliard School faculty member Greg Sandow said he had been contacted by three men over the years who said that Levine had abused them, and that reports of sexual abuse by Levine had been "widely talked about" for 40 years. Sandow added: "Everybody in the classical music business at least since the 1980s has talked about Levine as a sex abuser. The investigation should have been done decades ago." Some anonymous longtime Met employees said rumors about Levine's sexual behavior had been circulating since at least 1977. Pulitzer Prize–winning music critic Justin Davidson wrote on the culture website of New York magazine, "James Levine's career has clearly ended" and "I'm not sure the Met can survive Levine's disgrace." Similarly, drama critic Terry Teachout of The Wall Street Journal wrote an article called "The Levine Cataclysm; How allegations against James Levine of sexual misconduct with teenagers could topple the entire Metropolitan Opera". The Washington Post music critic Anne Midgette noted: "The Met has known about these allegations for at least a year, and are only investigating them now that they are public", and opined on her Facebook page that the Met has "quite probably spent years protecting its star conductor from just this kind of allegation". Music critic Tim Pfaff of the LGBT Bay Area Reporter wrote that The New York Times chief classical music critic Anthony Tommasini had the "weirdest" reaction, "lamenting the ugliness of it all under a...headline, 'Should I Put Away My James Levine Recordings?' His conclusion was that he and his husband... should move those recordings from their living room." The Metropolitan Opera Orchestra applauded the courage of the four men who came forward with accusations that Levine had abused them. Local 802 of the American Federation of Musicians, a labor union that represents the Met's orchestra and Levine, said, "We are horrified and sickened by the recently reported allegations of sexual abuse by Mr. Levine." Five days after news of the accusations by the four men broke, Levine called the claims "unfounded". The accusers stood by their claims, with one saying, "I will take a lie-detector test. Will he?" Six days later, music critic Arthur Kaptainis wrote in the Montreal Gazette that Levine's denial "had little effect".

On March 12, 2018, the Metropolitan Opera announced that Levine had been fired. The Met's investigation found Levine had "engaged in sexually abusive and harassing conduct towards vulnerable artists in the early stages of their careers". Levine sued the Metropolitan Opera in New York State Supreme Court for breach of contract and defamation on March 15, 2018, three days after the company fired him, seeking more than $5.8 million in damages. The Met denied Levine's allegations. A year later, a New York State Supreme Court judge dismissed most of Levine's claims, but ruled that the Met and its attorney had made defamatory statements. The Metropolitan Opera and Levine announced a settlement on undisclosed terms in August 2019. In September 2020, the size of the payout was indirectly exposed by annual disclosure statements required for nonprofits; Levine had received $3.5 million in the settlement. It is speculated he was able to negotiate such a large settlement due to the lack of a morals clause in his contract with the Met.

• Mozart: La clemenza di Tito (1980), Vienna Philharmonic, Deutsche Grammophon, 00440-073-4128 • Richard Strauss: Elektra (1981), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34111-7 • Mozart: Idomeneo (1982), Deutsche Grammophon, 00440-073-4234 • Richard Strauss: Der Rosenkavalier (1982), Met Opera, 8-1135-70133-0-4 • Verdi: La Traviata (1983), Deutsche Grammophon, 00440-073-4364 • Verdi: Ernani (1983), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-044007-432280 • The Metropolitan Opera Centennial Gala (1983), Deutsche Grammophon, 00440-073-4538 • Bizet: Carmen (1989), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30009-1 • Wagner: Der Ring des Nibelungen (1990), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30439-6 • Das Rheingold, Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30369-6 • Die Walküre, Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30499-6 • Siegfried, Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30379-6 • Götterdämmerung, Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30409-6 • Mozart: The Magic Flute (1991), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30039-8 • The Metropolitan Opera Gala 1991, Deutsche Grammophon, 00440-073-4582 • Verdi: Falstaff (1992), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34532-0 • Verdi: Stiffelio (1993), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34288-6 • James Levine's 25th Anniversary Metropolitan Opera Gala (1996), Deutsche Grammophon, B0004602-09 • Verdi: Aida (2000), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30019-0 • Verdi: Un ballo in maschera (2002), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30299-6 • Verdi: Simon Boccanegra (2002), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30319-1 • Richard Strauss: Ariadne auf Naxos (2002), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34010-3 • Beethoven: Fidelio (2003), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-4407-30529-4 • Puccini: Turandot (2003), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30589-8 • Verdi: Rigoletto (2004), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30939-1 • Wagner: Tristan und Isolde (2004), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30449-5 • Wagner: Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (2004), Deutsche Grammophon, 00440-073-0949 • Verdi: Nabucco (2005), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-30779-3 • Verdi: Don Carlo (2005) Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34085-1 • Verdi: La forza del destino(2005), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34076-9 • Puccini: La bohème (2005), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34025-7 • Donizetti: L'elisir d'amore (2005), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34021-9 • Mozart: Don Giovanni (2005), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34010-3 • Mozart: Idomeneo, (2006), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34234-3 • Verdi: Luisa Miller (2006), Deutsche Grammophon, 0044007340271 • Wagner: Tannhäuser (2006), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34171-1 • Wagner: Lohengrin (2006), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34176-6 • Zandonai: Francesca da Rimini (2007), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34313-5 • Berlioz: Les Troyens (2007), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34310-4 • Alban Berg: Lulu (2011), Sony Music, 0886979100992 • Mozart: The magic flute, Sony Music, 0886979101395 • Mascagni: Cavallera rusticana (2011), Sony Music, 0886979100893 • Donizetti: Don Pasquale (2011), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34635-8 • Wagner: in Der Ring des Nibelungen (2012), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34771-3: • Das Rheingold (2010), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34841-3 • Die Walküre (2011), Deutsche Grammophon, 0-44007-34848-2

James Levine is recorded as having received National Medal of Arts, Decoration of Honour in Gold for Services to the State of Vienna and Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award.

Levine made many audio and video recordings. He recorded extensively with many orchestras, and especially often with the Metropolitan Opera. His performance of Aida with Leontyne Price, her last in opera, was preserved on video and may be seen at the Met's own online archive of performances. Of particular note are his performances of Wagner's complete Der Ring des Nibelungen. A studio recording made for Deutsche Grammophon from 1987 to 1989 is on compact disc, and a 1989 live performance of the Ring is available on DVD. He also appears on several dozen albums as a pianist, collaborating with such singers as Jessye Norman, Kathleen Battle, Christa Ludwig, and Dawn Upshaw, as well as performing the chamber music of Franz Schubert and Francis Poulenc, among others. Levine was featured in the animated Disney film Fantasia 2000. He conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in the soundtrack recording of all the music in the film (with the exception of one segment from the original 1940 Fantasia). Levine is also seen in the film talking briefly with Mickey Mouse, just as his predecessor Leopold Stokowski did in the original film.

• Release date (year) — Album details — Contributing artists — Label • 1973 — Verdi: Giovanna d'Arco — Plácido Domingo, Sherrill Milnes, Montserrat Caballé, Keith Erwen, Robert Lloyd, Ambrosian Opera Chorus, London Symphony Orchestra — EMI • 1974 — Verdi: I vespri siciliani — Martina Arroyo, Plácido Domingo, Sherrill Milnes, Ruggero Raimondi, Leo Goeke, Maria Ewing, James Morris, Richard Van Allan, John Alldis Choir, New Philharmonia Orchestra — RCA • 1974 — Bellini: Norma — Beverly Sills, Shirley Verrett, Enrico di Giuseppe, Paul Plishka, Robert Tear, John Alldis Choir, New Philharmonia Orchestra — EMI • 1975 — Prokofiev / Debussy / Webern: Cello Sonatas — Lynn Harrell, Levine as pianist — RCA • 1975 — Dvořák: Cello Concerto — Lynn Harrell, London Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1975 — Mahler: Symphony No. 1 — London Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1975 — Rossini: The Barber of Seville — Beverly Sills, Nicolai Gedda, Sherrill Milnes, Renato Capecchi, Ruggero Raimondi, Fedora Barbieri, John Alldis Choir, London Symphony Orchestra — EMI • 1975 — Mahler: Symphony No. 4 — Judith Blegen, Chicago Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1976 — Brahms: Symphony No. 1 — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1976 — Mahler: Symphony No. 3 — Marilyn Horne, Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Chorus — RCA • 1976 — Schubert / Mendelssohn: Cello Sonatas — Lynn Harrel, Levine as pianist — RCA • 1977 — James Levine plays Scott Joplin — Levine as pianist — RCA • 1977 — Brahms: Symphony No. 3 — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1977 — Giordano: Andrea Chénier — Plácido Domingo, Renata Scotto, Sherrill Milnes, Jean Kraft, Maria Ewing, Michel Sénéchal, Allan Monk, Enzo Dara, Gwendolyn Killebrew, Piero de Palma, John Alldis Choir, National Philharmonic Orchestra — RCA • 1977 — Verdi: La forza del destino — Leontyne Price, Plácido Domingo, Sherrill Milnes, Fiorenza Cossotto, Bonaldo Giaiotti, Gabriel Bacquier, Michel Sénéchal, Kurt Moll, Gillian Knight, John Alldis Choir, London Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1977 — Beethoven: Complete Cello Sonatas — Lynn Harrell, Levine as pianist — RCA • 1978 — Brahms: Symphony No. 2 — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1978 — Verdi: Otello — Plácido Domingo, Renata Scotto, Sherrill Milnes, Frank Little, Paul Plishka, Jean Kraft, Ambrosian Opera Chorus, National Philharmonic Orchestra — RCA • 1978 — Cilea: Adriana Lecouvreur — Renata Scotto, Plácido Domingo, Sherrill Milnes, Elena Obraztsova, Lillian Watson, Ann Murray, Ambrosian Opera Chorus, Philharmonia Orchestra — CBS Masterworks • 1978 — Brahms: Symphony No. 4 — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1978 — Mahler: Symphonies Nos. 5 & 10 — The Philadelphia Orchestra — RCA • 1978 — Stravinsky: Petrouchka (1947 version) — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1979 — Mahler: Symphony No. 9 — The Philadelphia Orchestra — RCA • 1979 — Mascagni: Cavalleria rusticana — Renata Scotto, Plácido Domingo, Pablo Elvira, Isola Jones, Jean Kraft, Ambrosian Opera Chorus, National Philharmonic Orchestra — RCA • 1979 — Mahler: Symphony No. 6 — London Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1980 — Puccini: La bohème — Renata Scotto, Alfredo Kraus, Sherrill Milnes, Carol Neblett, Paul Plishka, Matteo Manuguerra, Renato Capecchi, John Noble, Ambrosian Opera Chorus, National Philharmonic Orchestra — EMI • 1980 — Bellini: Norma — Renata Scotto, Tatiana Troyanos, Giuseppe Giacomini, Paul Plishka, Ann Murray, Ambrosian Opera Chorus, National Philharmonic Orchestra — CBS Masterworks • 1981 — Mahler: Symphony No. 10 (final version) — The Philadelphia Orchestra — RCA • 1981 — Puccini: Tosca — Renata Scotto, Plácido Domingo, Renato Bruson, Renato Capecchi, Itzhak Perlman, Ambrosian Opera Chorus, Philharmonia Orchestra — EMI • 1981 — Schumann: Piano Quintet / Brahms: String Quartet No. 3 — Lasalle Quartet, Levine as pianist — Deutsche Grammophon • 1981 — Mozart: Die Zauberflöte — Ileana Cotrubaș, Eric Tappy, Christian Boesch, Martti Talvela, Zdislava Donat, José van Dam, Rachel Yakar, Trudeliese Schmidt, Wiener Staatsopernchor, Wiener Philharmoniker — RCA • 1982 — Dvořák: Symphony No. 9 "From the New World" — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1982 — Mahler: Symphony No. 7 — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1982 — Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41 — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1983 — In Concert at the Met — Leontyne Price, Marilyn Horne, Metropolitan Opera Orchestra — RCA (recorded live from the Met on March 28, 1982) • 1983 — Mozart: Eine kleine Nachtmusik / Posthorn Serenade — Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1983 — Mozart: Violin Concertos Nos. 3 & 5 — Itzhak Perlman, Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1984 — Schubert: Symphony No. 9 — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1984 — Brahms: Ein Deutsches Requiem — Kathleen Battle, Håkan Hagegård, Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Chorus — RCA • 1984 — Beethoven: Piano Concertos Nos. 3 & 4 — Alfred Brendel, Chicago Symphony Orchestra — Philips (live recording) • 1984 — Brahms: Piano Concerto No. 1 — Emanuel Ax, Chicago Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1984 — Beethoven: Piano Concertos Nos. 1 & 2 — Alfred Brendel, Chicago Symphony Orchestra — Philips (live recording) • 1985 — Orff: Carmina Burana — June Anderson, Bernd Weikl, Philip Creech, Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Chorus — Deutsche Grammophon • 1985 — Mendelssohn: A Midsummer Night's Dream — Judith Blegen, Florence Quivar, Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Chorus — Deutsche Grammophon • 1985 — Dvořák: Symphony No. 7 — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1985 — Ravel: Daphnis et Chloé — Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1985 — Beethoven: Piano Concerto No. 5 / Piano Sonata No. 24 — Alfred Brendel, Chicago Symphony Orchestra — Philips (live recording) • 1985 — Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — RCA • 1986 — Mozart: Violin Concertos Nos. 2 & 4 — Itzhak Perlman, Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1986 — Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 25, 26 & 27 — Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1986 — Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 30, 31 & 32 — Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1986 — Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 29 & 34 — Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1986 — Mozart: Violin Concerto No. 1 / Adagio, K. 261 / Rondos — Itzhak Perlman, Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1986 — Smetana: Má vlast — Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1986 — Strauss: Ariadne auf Naxos — Anna Tomowa-Sintow, Agnes Baltsa, Kathleen Battle, Gary Lakes, Hermann Prey, Otto Schenk, Heinz Zednik, Kurt Rydl, Barbara Bonney, Dawn Upshaw, Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1987 — Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 28 & 33 — Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1987 — Saint-Saëns: Symphony No. 3 / Dukas: The Sorcerer's Apprentice — Simon Preston, Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1987 — Wagner: Parsifal — Simon Estes, Matti Salminen, Hans Sotin, Peter Hofmann, Franz Mazura, Waltraud Meier, Chor und Orchester der Bayreuther Festspiele — Philips (live recording) • 1987 — Smetana: Moldau / Vyšehrad — Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1987 — Berg / Webern / Schoenberg: Orchestral Pieces — Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1987 — Sibelius / Dvořák: Violin Concertos — Shlomo Mintz, Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1987 — Mozart / Beethoven: Quintets for Piano and Winds — Ensemble Wien-Berlin, Levine as pianist — Deutsche Grammophon • 1988 — Schumann: Symphonies Nos. 2 & 3 — Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1988 — Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 21, 22, 23 & 24 — Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1988 — Tchaikovsky: Eugene Onegin — Thomas Allen, Mirella Freni, Anne Sofie von Otter, Neil Shicoff, Paata Burchuladze, Michel Sénéchal, Rosemarie Lang, Ruthild Engert, Rundfunkchor Leipzig, Staatskapelle Dresden — Deutsche Grammophon • 1988 — Wagner: Die Walküre — Gary Lakes, Kurt Moll, James Morris, Jessye Norman, Hildegard Behrens, Christa Ludwig, Marita Napier, Marilyn Mims, Ruthild Engert, Metropolitan Opera Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1988 — Schubert: Lieder — Kathleen Battle, Levine as pianist — Deutsche Grammophon • 1988 — Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 35 & 36 — Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1989 — Mozart: Great Mass in C minor — Kathleen Battle, Lella Cuberli, Peter Seiffert, Kurt Moll, Wiener Staatsopernchor, Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1989 — Mendelssohn: Symphonies Nos. 3 & 4 — Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1989 — Wagner: Das Rheingold — James Morris, Siegfried Jerusalem, Siegfried Lorenz, Ekkehard Wlaschiha, Heinz Zednik, Kurt Moll, Jan-Hendrik Rootering, Christa Ludwig, Birgitta Svendén, Metropolitan Opera Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1989 — Mozart: Così fan tutte — Kiri Te Kanawa, Ann Murray, Thomas Hampson, Hans Peter Blochwitz, Marie McLaughlin, Ferruccio Furlanetto, Wiener Staatsopernchor, Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1989 — Live in Tokyo 1988 — Kathleen Battle, Plácido Domingo, Metropolitan Opera Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon (live recording from June 1988) • 1989 — Saint-Saëns / Lalo: Cello Concertos / Bruch: Kol Nidrei — Matt Haimovitz, Chicago Symphony Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1989 — Poulenc: Chamber Music — Ensemble Wien-Berlin, Levine as pianist — Deutsche Grammophon • 1990 — Holst: The Planets — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1990 — Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41 — Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1990 — Mozart / Bellini / Strauss: Oboe Concertos — Hansjörg Schellenberger, Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1990 — Donizetti: L'elisir d'amore — Kathleen Battle, Luciano Pavarotti, Leo Nucci, Enzo Dara, Dawn Upshaw, Metropolitan Opera Chorus and Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1990 — Berlioz: Roméo et Juliette / Les nuits d'été — Anne Sofie von Otter, Philip Langridge, James Morris, RIAS-Kammerchor, Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1991 — Bartók: Concerto for Orchestra / Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1991 — Spirituals In Concert — Kathleen Battle, Jessye Norman, mixed ensemble — Deutsche Grammophon (live recording from Carnegie Hall, March 18, 1990) • 1991 — Mozart: Le nozze di Figaro — Thomas Hampson, Kiri Te Kanawa, Dawn Upshaw, Ferruccio Furlanetto, Anne Sofie von Otter, Tatiana Troyanos, Paul Plishka, Renato Capecchi, Metropolitan Opera Chorus and Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1991 — Haydn: The Creation — Kathleen Battle, Gösta Winbergh, Kurt Moll, Rundfunkchor Stockholm, Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1991 — Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 25 & 38 — Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1991 — Verdi: Aida — Aprile Millo, Plácido Domingo, Dolora Zajick, James Morris, Samuel Ramey, Metropolitan Opera Chorus and Orchestra — Sony Classical • 1991 — Wagner: Götterdämmerung — Reiner Goldberg, Bernd Weikl, Matti Salminen, Ekkehard Wlaschiha, Hildegard Behrens, Cheryl Studer, Hanna Schwarz, Helga Dernesch, Metropolitan Opera Chorus and Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1991 — Wagner: Siegfried — Reiner Goldberg, Heinz Zednik, James Morris, Ekkehard Wlaschiha, Kurt Moll, Birgitta Svendén, Hildegard Behrens, Kathleen Battle, Metropolitan Opera Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1991 — Salzburg Recital — Jessye Norman, Levine as pianist — Philips (live recording from April 1990) • 1991 — Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique — Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1992 — Berg: Violin Concerto / Rihm: Time Chant — Anne-Sophie Mutter, Chicago Symphony Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1992 — Beethoven: Missa Solemnis — Cheryl Studer, Jessye Norman, Plácido Domingo, Kurt Moll, Rundfunkchor Leipzig, Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1992 — Verdi: La traviata — Cheryl Studer, Wendy White, Luciano Pavarotti, Juan Pons, Anthony Laciura, Metropolitan Opera Chorus and Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1992 — Verdi: Luisa Miller — Jan-Hendrik Rootering, Plácido Domingo, Florence Quivar, Paul Plishka, Vladimir Chernov, Aprile Millo, Wendy White, Metropolitan Opera Chorus and Orchestra — Sony Classical • 1992 — Berlioz: Requiem / Overtures — Luciano Pavarotti, Ernst Senff Chor Berlin, Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1992 — Schumann: Symphonies Nos. 1 & 4 / Manfred Overture — Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1992 — Mozart: Coronation Mass / Haydn: Missa in tempore belli — Sylvia McNair, Delores Ziegler, Hans Peter Blochwitz, Andreas Schmidt, RIAS-Kammerchor, Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1992 — Wagner: Siegfried-Idyll / Schoenberg: Verklärte Nacht / Strauss: Metamorphosen — Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1993 — Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition / Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring — Metropolitan Opera Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1993 — Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue / An American in Paris / Porgy and Bess Suite — Chicago Symphony Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1993 — Verdi: Ballet Music — Metropolitan Opera Orchestra — Sony Classical • 1993 — Schoenberg: Erwartung / Brettl-Lieder — Jessye Norman, Metropolitan Opera Orchestra — Philips • 1993 — Wagner: Overtures & Preludes — Metropolitan Opera Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1993 — Stravinsky: Oedipus Rex — Philip Langridge, Florence Quivar, James Morris, Jan-Hendrik Rootering, Jules Bastin, Chicago Symphony Chorus and Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon • 1993 — Puccini: Manon Lescaut — Mirella Freni, Luciano Pavarotti, Dwayne Croft, Giuseppe Taddei, Ramón Vargas, Cecilia Bartoli, Metropolitan Opera Chorus and Orchestra — Decca • 1993 — Sibelius: Symphony No. 2 / Finlandia / Valse triste — Berliner Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1993 — Schubert: Trout Quintet — Wolfgang Schulz, Wolfram Christ, Göran Söllscher, Georg Faust — Deutsche Grammophon • 1993 — Carmen-Fantasie — Anne-Sophie Mutter, Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1993 — Verdi: Don Carlo — Ferruccio Furlanetto, Michael Sylvester, Vladimir Chernov, Samuel Ramey, Paul Plishka, Aprile Millo, Dolora Zajick, Kathleen Battle, Dwayne Croft, Metropolitan Opera Chorus and Orchestra — Sony Classical • 1994 — Tchaikovsky: Ballet Suites — Wiener Philharmoniker — Deutsche Grammophon • 1994 — Verdi: Il trovatore — Vladimir Chernov, Aprile Millo, Dolora Zajick, Plácido Domingo, James Morris, Metropolitan Opera Chorus and Orchestra — Sony Classical • 1994 — Beethoven: Symphony No. 3 / Schubert: Symphony No. 8 — Metropolitan Opera Orchestra — Deutsche Grammophon