George Santayana

George Santayana was a Spanish philosopher, writer, poet, novelist, essayist and university teacher (1863–1952). He was born at Madrid and died at Rome.

Also recorded as Jorge Santayana; Jorge Augustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana; Jorge Augustin Nicolas Ruiz de Santayana.

Contents

Identity and origins

George Santayana was recorded at birth as Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás. He also worked under the name George Santayana. The authorities additionally record the headings Jorge Santayana, Jorge Augustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana and Jorge Augustin Nicolas Ruiz de Santayana. His recorded languages were Spanish and English. His recorded confession was Christian atheism.

He was the child of Agustín Ruiz de Santayana and Josefina Borrás.

Career and activity

George Santayana worked in philosophy, creative and professional writing and poetry.

He was employed by Harvard University. He belonged to American Academy of Arts and Letters and Phi Beta Kappa Society. He worked at Ávila and Beacon Street.

Identity

What the record establishes about George Santayana.

George Santayana is recorded with the occupation university teacher. George Santayana is recorded as a citizen of Spain. George Santayana is recorded at birth as Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás. George Santayana is recorded as philosopher, writer, poet, novelist and essayist. The Metropolitan Museum of Art records 4 objects associated with this heading. George Santayana is recorded with the citizenship of Spain.

Open Library catalogues 272 works under this name. Winds of doctrines is dated 1913.

Activity and practice

George Santayana is recorded as having studied at Harvard University, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and King's College.

Works and catalogued output

The Metropolitan Museum of Art catalogues 4 works under this heading. Wikidata Query Service catalogues 7 works under this heading. Open Library catalogues 34 works under this heading.

Authority records

The identifiers under which George Santayana may be traced in institutional catalogues.

George Santayana is established in the international name authorities as Social Networks and Archival Context w6vh5svc, Bibliothèque nationale de France 12031254s, Getty Union List of Artist Names 500325473, Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) 118794507, Library of Congress n79043580, Libraries Australia 966527, ISNI 0000000110645919, IdRef 028486110, VIAF 59098309 and Wikidata Q237833.

Catalogued works

45 works under this name are catalogued by Wikidata Query Service, Open Library and The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Their recorded dates run from 1913 to 1956.

Scepticism and Animal Faith. The Life of Reason. The Realms of Being. The Sense of Beauty. The Last Puritan. Egotism in German Philosophy. Reason in Common Sense. The ethical doctrine of Spinoza. Three philosophical poets. The realm of matter. [Pamphlets in philology and the humanities. Reason in art. La tradizione signorile nella filosofia americana e altri saggi. L'erreur de la philosophie allemande ... El último puritano. THREEE PHILOSOPHICAL POETS. Winds of doctrine ; and, Platonism and the spiritual life. --. Reason in Common Sense (Life of Reason, Vol 1). Winds of doctrines, dated 1913. Atoms of Thought. Life of Reason. The middle span, dated 1945. Character and Opinion in the United States. George Santayana's America. Spinoza's Ethics and "De intellectus emendatione.". The search for the true Plato. The United States in Literature [with three long stories] -- Seventh Edition. Il pensiero americano e altri saggi. En la mitad del camino. Miscellaneous Papers. L'io nella filosofia germanica. The Realm of Truth. Book Third of Realms of Being. Reason in Common Sense Vol 1. The Philosophy of Santayana (Modern Library Series). Life of Reason (Five Volumes in One). George Santayana's Marginalia, a Critical Selection. Interpretations of Poetry and Religion (pbk). George Santayana's Marginalia. Character & Opinion in the United States. Life of Reason or the Phases of Human Progress, Critical Edition, Volume 7. Scepticism and Animal Faith; Introduction to a System of Philosophy. Persons and Places: The Background of My Life, dated 1944, held by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, inventory 1994.265.27. My Host the World: Volume III, Persons and Places, dated 1953, held by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, inventory 1994.265.204. Essays in Literary Criticism, dated 1956, held by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, inventory 1994.265.205. The Middle Span: Volume II, Persons and Places, dated 1945, held by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, inventory 1994.265.84.

In public collections

Work associated with this heading is recorded in 1 named public collection.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art: 4 recorded objects, read from the institution's own published catalogue.

Literature

6 scholarly publications naming this subject were located in the registry of record.

Santayana, George, Oxford Art Online, 2003. Appendix C: Santayana as Screenwriter, George Santayana, 2017. De la apercepción de Santayana a la interpretación de Danto. El nuevo rol del espectador en el arte posmoderno, Fedro, 2025. Las bases naturales de una racionalidad viva. Reseña de: George Santayana, La vida de la razón. I. La razón en el sentido común, traducción de Daniel Moreno, Oviedo, KRK Ediciones, 2023, Isegoría, 2024. De la naturaleza a la sociedad. Reseña de: George Santayana, La vida de la razón. II. La razón en la sociedad, traducción de Daniel Moreno, Oviedo, KRK Ediciones, 2024, Isegoría, 2025. George Santayana ante los límites del sentido común en John Locke, Azafea: Revista de Filosofía, 2009.

Scholarly footprint

Bibliographic registers publish measured figures for this heading: 51 language editions of the general reference literature carrying an article (Wikimedia (language editions)). A count of publications is evidence of attention, not of standing, and is given here only as a measure.

Evidence base

This article draws on 6 independent source lineages. Copies and mirrors of the same underlying record were collapsed into a single witness, so 6 means 6 genuinely separate publishers of record. 12 further registers were consulted and returned nothing for this heading.

In detail

George Santayana studied at Harvard University, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and King's College. the recorded working language is Spanish and English.

The field of work recorded is philosophy, creative and professional writing and poetry.

Residence is recorded at Ávila and Beacon Street. Employment is recorded with Harvard University. Membership is recorded of American Academy of Arts and Letters and Phi Beta Kappa Society.

Chronology

  1. 1863George Santayana born at Madrid.
  2. 1863George Santayana was born on 16 December 1863.
  3. 1913Winds of doctrines is dated 1913.
  4. 1952George Santayana died at Rome.
  5. 1952George Santayana died on 26 September 1952.
  6. 1952George Santayana died in 1952 at Rome.

Connections

Each connection was recorded deliberately, with the basis for it kept on the internal record.

Studied at

Sources

Each source is named with the standing the house places on it, so the evidence can be weighed rather than taken on trust.

  1. 1.

    Appendix C: Santayana as Screenwriter, George Santayana, 2017

    scholarly publication · Scholarly

    Consult the source
  2. 2.

    Open Library author record for George Santayana (Internet Archive), 272 catalogued works.

    Institutional database · Scholarly · Internet Archive

    Consult the source
  3. 3.

    Santayana, George, Oxford Art Online, 2003

    scholarly publication · Scholarly

    Consult the source
  4. 4.

    The Letters of George Santayana, Book Four, 1928–1932, 2003

    scholarly publication · Scholarly

    Consult the source
  5. 5.

    The Letters of George Santayana, Book One [1868]–1909, 2001

    scholarly publication · Scholarly

    Consult the source
  6. 6.

    The Letters of George Santayana, Book Two, 1910–1920, 2001

    scholarly publication · Scholarly

    Consult the source
  7. 7.

    Directory of Open Access Journals lists 28 articles naming George Santayana.

    open access index · Unverified

    Consult the source
  8. 8.

    Internet Archive, 235 digitised items catalogued under George Santayana as creator.

    digital repository · Unverified

    Consult the source
  9. 9.

    The Metropolitan Museum of Art, collection records associated with George Santayana (4 objects).

    museum collection · Unverified · The Metropolitan Museum of Art

    Consult the source
  10. 10.

    Wellcome Collection catalogue records 2 works naming George Santayana.

    museum collection · Unverified · Wellcome Collection

    Consult the source
  11. 11.

    Wikidata, structured authority record Q237833: George Santayana

    reference work · Reputable secondary · Wikimedia Foundation

    Consult the source
  12. 12.

    “George Santayana”, English Wikipedia, consulted as further reading

    reference work · Reputable secondary · Wikipedia

    Consult the source

Elsewhere in Books

For owners

Own a work by George Santayana?

A specialist will read what you send and tell you what the house can establish, what it cannot, and whether the object is suited to sale. There is no charge and no obligation. The object stays with you throughout; nothing is shipped to us unless it is arranged in writing beforehand.