Elizabeth Jane Gardner

Gardner worked between 1837 and 1922 across painter and artist. The registers place that work in portrait, genre art and religious art. Every statement below returns to a source shown in the evidence panel; where the record is silent or divided, the article says so instead of resolving it.

Elizabeth Jane Gardner studied at Lasell University and Académie Julian. Training under Ange Tissier, Jules Lefebvre and William-Adolphe Bouguereau is recorded. The recorded working language is Italian, German and English. Subjects and genres recorded for the work are portrait, genre art and religious art. Places of work recorded in the authority are Paris. Work by Elizabeth Jane Gardner is recorded in the collections of Georgia Museum of Art, Appleton Museum of Art, Dahesh Museum of Art and National Museum of Women in the Arts.

• Name — Elizabeth Jane Gardner • Born — 4 October 1837 • Birthplace — Exeter, New Hampshire, U.S. • Died — 28 January 1922 • Place of death — Paris, France • Education — * Young Ladies' Female Academy, Exeter, NH • Lasell Female Seminary, Auburndale, MA • Known for — Painting

Gardner first attended the Young Ladies' Female Academy in Exeter and then moved on to the Lasell Female Seminary in Auburndale, Massachusetts, where she studied art and languages, learning English, French, Italian and German. She graduated in 1856 and spent the next few years teaching French at a newly opened school in Worcester, Massachusetts. In 1864, after teaching art at Lasell Seminary, she and Imogene Robinson left for France. To pay her rent, she spent her time copying paintings by contemporary artists and older masters in prestigious galleries. Later, in the autumn of that year, Gardner decided to apply to the École des Beaux-Arts. This school was known as the most prestigious art academy in Paris. Her application was rejected. Like most if not all art establishments at that time the school was male only. The ban on women's applications was not lifted until 1897, thirty-five years after Gardner had applied. However, Gardner did not give up. She continued to enroll in private classes and to build an outstanding portfolio of art work.

Soon after Gardner arrived in Paris with her former teacher, Imogene Robinson, she began copying pictures at the Luxembourg Museum, and Gardner's studio became a place where Americans requested commissioned copies of their favorite European paintings. In a letter to her brother, Gardner noted, "Americans are buying many pictures. I have always had the satisfaction of pleasing those for whom I have painted. One gentleman was so satisfied with a copy I did for him that he paid me more than I asked." She briefly studied with Jean-Baptiste-Ange Tissier before leaving in 1865 to join an independent cooperative women's studio. In 1868, Gardner was the first American woman to exhibit at the Paris Salon. Also during that time period, her paintings were accepted in 25 Paris Salons. Awarded a gold medal at the 1872 Salon, she became the first woman ever to receive such an honor. Gardner Bouguereau's works were accepted to the Salon more than any other woman painter in history and more than all but a few of the men. The biggest challenge to her training was the restriction on women studying anatomy from nude models. She circumvented this restriction by donning male attire to gain admittance to the all-male drawing school at Manufacture Nationale des Gobelins et de la Savonnerie. In 1873, Gardner was finally admitted to the previously all-male Académie Julian, where she studied with Jules-Joseph Lefebvre and Bouguereau. Gardner exhibited her work at the Palace of Fine Arts and The Woman's Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois.

Gardner's relationship with William-Adolphe Bouguereau was widely known and discussed within the Parisian artistic community. They made no secret of their relationship over the course of an engagement that was to last seventeen years. The couple courted for seventeen years because they had a great fear of crossing Bouguereau's mother. When she died in 1896 at the age of 91, the couple did not waste any time in getting married. Mary French, wife of the American sculptor Daniel Chester French later recalled that she had "interesting memories...of Bouguereau's studio, where we used to go often, and where was also Miss Jennie Gardner of Exeter, New Hampshire, whom he either married or didn't marry – I have forgotten the details. There was a certain glamour of that young woman of Puritan birth, a contemporary of my Puritan aunts, living there in the Latin Quarter and doing something that all Paris talked about."

One of Gardner's most well-known works, La Confidence (ca. 1880) is in the collection of the Georgia Museum of Art. This painting depicts an intimate, whispered secret between two young peasant girls. The painting was given to the Lucy Cobb Institute, an all-girls school in Athens, Georgia. Hung in the drawing room parlor of the school, the work was beloved in the school's collection and was viewed as having a "moralizing purpose" for the young girls enrolled in the finishing school. In 1991, painter, filmmaker and University of Georgia filmmaker James Herbert (director) appropriated Gardner's painting and several others from the Georgia Museum of Art's collection and reinterpreted the image in the video for Athens band R.E.M.'s song "Low" from the album Out of Time.

Gardner's work bears a strong resemblance to that of her husband, William-Adolphe Bouguereau • Illustration — La Confidence (1880) • Illustration — David the Shepherd • Illustration — Gardner-Garde – Similar to Bouguereau's The Bohemian • Illustration — The Imprudent Girl

She also worked under the names Bouguereau, Elizabeth Jane Gardner and Bouguereau, William-Adolphe. The authorities additionally record the headings Elizabeth Gardner, Elizabeth Bouguereau-Gardner, Elizabeth Jane Bouguereau Gardner, Mrs. Adolphe William Bouguereau and Elizabeth Jeanne Gardner Bouguereau. Her recorded languages were Italian, German, English and French. She married William-Adolphe Bouguereau.

Elizabeth Jane Gardner is recorded with the occupation painter. Classed in the genre religious art. Established in Library of Congress under nr2003012767. Established in RKDartists under 11383. Established in FAST under 492970. Gardner worked at Paris. Recorded as having studied at Lasell University and Académie Julian.